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Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 346The Artist's Resale Right Regulations 2006(The document as of February, 2008) STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS2006 No. 346INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYThe Artist's Resale Right Regulations 2006
The Secretary of State is a Minister designated for the purposes of section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972[1] in relation to the right of artists to receive a payment on the sale of their works[2]. A draft of this instrument was laid before Parliament in accordance with paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 2 to that Act and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament. Accordingly the Secretary of State, in exercise of the powers conferred upon him by section 2(2) of that Act, makes the following Regulations: Citation, commencement and extent 1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Artist's Resale Right Regulations 2006 and shall come into force on the day after the day on which they are made. (2) These Regulations extend to the whole of the United Kingdom. Interpretation 2.In these Regulations—
Artist's resale right
(b) disposal of the work by the author's personal representatives for the purposes of the administration of his estate; and (c) disposal of the work by an official receiver (or, in Northern Ireland, the Official Receiver for Northern Ireland) or a trustee in bankruptcy, for the purposes of the realisation of the author's estate. Works covered
(b) is a Scottish charity; or (c) is a foreign charity, and has its central administration in an EEA state or a country listed in Schedule 2. (5) In paragraph (4)—
(ii) a "recognised body" within the meaning of section 1(7) of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions)(Scotland) Act 1990[9]; and (b) "foreign charity" means a body which is established outside the United Kingdom for purposes similar to those for which a body within paragraph (4)(a) or (b) may be established, and which is subject to similar rules regarding the distribution and application of its assets. Waiver etc.
(b) a qualifying body. (3) Notwithstanding paragraph (2), a resale right may be transmitted as bona vacantia.
(b) a qualifying body. (2) Resale right may be transmitted under regulation 9 only by a person who, at the time of his death, is a qualifying individual.
(b) a national of a country listed in Schedule 2. (4) Nothing in this regulation prevents a resale right from being exercised after it has been transmitted as bona vacantia.
(b) an official receiver (or, in Northern Ireland, the Official Receiver for Northern Ireland) or a trustee in bankruptcy, and nothing in this regulation prevents a resale right from being exercised by any person acting in that capacity.
(b) transferred to such a trustee, or from the trustee to the beneficiary. "Resale"
(b) the sale price is not less than 1,000 euro. (4) The sale of a work is not to be regarded as a resale if—
(b) the sale price does not exceed 10,000 euro. Liability to pay resale royalty
(b) the relevant person (within the meaning of paragraph (2)). (2) The relevant person is a person who satisfies the condition mentioned in regulation 12(3)(a) and who is—
(b) where there is no such agent, the agent of the buyer; or (c) where there are no such agents, the buyer. (3) Liability shall arise on the completion of the sale; however, a person who is liable may withhold payment until evidence of entitlement to be paid the royalty is produced.
(b) the management of resale right is the collection of resale royalty on behalf of the holder of the right in return for a fixed fee or a percentage of the royalty. Right to information
(b) must be made within three years of the sale to which it relates. (3) The information that may be so requested is any that may be necessary in order to secure payment of the resale royalty, and in particular to ascertain—
(b) where the royalty is not paid by the person to whom the request is made, the name and address of any person who is liable. (4) The person to whom the request is made shall do everything within his power to supply the information requested within 90 days of the receipt of the request.
(b) apply notwithstanding that the work sold was made before that commencement. (2) Where the author of a work (or a person to whom the resale right in that work is deemed to have been transmitted under this regulation) died before the commencement of these Regulations, and was at the time of his death a qualifying individual—
(b) if he was the owner of the work (but not the copyright in it) immediately before his death, and on his death a qualifying person became beneficially entitled to the work, the resale right shall be deemed to have been transmitted to that person; (c) otherwise, the resale right shall be deemed to have been transmitted to the qualifying persons who were beneficially entitled to the residue of his personal estate. (3) Where the author of the work was one of a number of joint authors, the right deemed to have been transmitted by the author under this regulation is one of that number of equal shares in the resale right. 1.The resale royalty payable on the sale of a work shall be the sum of the following amounts, being percentage amounts of consecutive portions of the sale price—
2.However, the total amount of royalty payable on the sale shall not in any event exceed 12,500 euro. Algeria Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Chile Congo Costa Rica Croatia Ecuador Guinea Iraq Ivory Coast Laos Madagascar Mali Monaco Morocco Peru Philippines Romania Russian Federation Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Tunisia Turkey Uruguay (This note is not part of the Regulations) These Regulations implement Directive 2001/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art (OJ No L 272, 13.10.2001, p.32) ("the Directive"). The Regulations also amount to the implementation, by the United Kingdom, of the option given by Article 14ter of the Berne Copyright Convention (Cmnd. 5002). Regulation 3 creates a new intellectual property right ("resale right") to be enjoyed by the creator of a work of art (and that artist's successors in title) for as long as copyright continues to subsist in the work. The right consists in the entitlement to claim a royalty on the resale of the work following its first transfer by the artist. The amount of the royalty is based on the sale price (denominated in euro), and Schedule 1 sets out how that amount is to be calculated. Regulation 4(1) defines the works of art which are covered by the Regulations. Regulation 4(2) lays down the conditions under which a copy of a work is to be regarded as a work covered. Regulation 5 makes provision for works which are the joint product of two or more artists, and regulation 6 lays down a rebuttable presumption that a signatory of the work is its creator. Regulation 7 ensures that resale right may not be assigned or charged, but does not prevent the transfer of a resale right where it has been transmitted to a qualifying charitable body, provided that the transfer is to another such body. (See also regulation 11 on trustees.) The relevant bodies are defined in regulation 7(4) and (5). Regulation 8 prevents resale right from being waived, and precludes any agreement to share or repay resale royalties; however, this does not prevent a collecting society from collecting resale right on the holder's behalf in return for a percentage of the royalty (see regulation 14). Regulation 9 enables a resale right to be transmitted, on the death of its holder, to a natural person or to a qualifying charitable body, and makes it clear that in the absence of any heirs it may pass to the Crown as "bona vacantia" ("ownerless property"). Regulation 10 lays down certain nationality requirements. Resale right may be exercised only by an individual who is an EEA national (or national of a country listed in Schedule 2), or by a qualifying charitable body. Similarly, only such an individual may transmit resale right under regulation 9. It follows from the combined provisions of regulations 9 and 10 that an individual who does not satisfy those requirements may none the less inherit resale right, but such an individual may not exercise it or further pass it on while the requirements continue not to be satisfied. Regulation 11 enables any person to hold and to exercise resale right in the capacity of a trustee for a person entitled to the right, and enables legal title to the right to be transferred to such a trustee or to the beneficiary. Thus in particular the nationality and other requirements of regulations 9 and 10 are to be satisfied by the beneficial owner of a resale right rather than by the trustee. Regulation 12 defines when a sale is to be regarded as a "resale" for the purposes of the Regulations (thereby attracting the obligation to pay resale royalty). Regulation 12(1) makes it clear that a sale may be a resale, even though the initial transfer of ownership in the work was not itself a sale. Thus for example a "resale" following a gift by the artist would also qualify (and see also regulation 3(5)). Regulation 12(3) provides that an art-market professional must be involved in the sale, either as principal or agent, and imposes a minimum price threshold of 1,000 euro. Regulation 12(4) exempts certain sales where the work was recently acquired from the artist. Regulation 13 makes a specified art-market professional involved in the sale jointly and severally liable with the seller. The art-market professional who is so liable is the agent of the seller, if any, or failing that the agent of the buyer, or (again if there is no such agent) the buyer. Thus where the agent of the seller is a professional, that agent will be liable; and a buyer who is a professional will be liable only if no professional is involved either as an agent of the seller or the buyer. Regulation 14 imposes the requirement of compulsory collective management (an option permitted by Article 6(2) of the Directive). Thus resale right may be exercised only through an artists' collecting society (although the holder may select for those purposes any such society which manages rights on behalf of artists). Regulation 15 enables holders of a resale right to obtain the information necessary to enforce their rights. Information regarding a sale may be requested from any art-market professional involved in the sale; if the necessary information is not provided within 90 days of the request, an application may be made to the court. Such requests must, however, be made within three years of the sale in question. Regulation 16 contains transitional provisions. By regulation 16(1), the Regulations do not apply where the relevant contract of sale was made before the date that the Regulations come into force. But as regards contracts made subsequently, the Regulations apply notwithstanding that the work sold was made before that date. (However, by regulation 3(1) and (2), resale right will exist only if the work is still in copyright.) Regulation 16(2) to (5) provides for the case where the artist died before the Regulations come into force. In such circumstances, resale right cannot at that time have been transmitted to the artist's successors under regulation 9. Accordingly, regulation 16(2) provides a rule for determining who should then be regarded as the artist's successors for the purpose of holding resale right. Resale right is deemed to have passed with copyright in the work, if the copyright formed part of the artist's estate; or, failing that, to have passed with the work itself. If the artist owned neither the work nor the copyright in it, or if neither passed to a specific beneficiary, resale right in the work is deemed to have formed part of his residuary estate. The same rule applies where the deemed successor in turn died before the commencement of the Regulations. Regulation 17 exercises the option under Article 8(2) of the Directive, which is available to member States such as the United Kingdom which did not have resale right at the date of entry into force of the Directive (13th October 2001). In accordance with that option, those to whom a resale right is transmitted (or deemed to be transmitted) after the death of the artist may not exercise the right until 1st January 2010. A Regulatory Impact Assessment, and a Transposition Note setting out how these Regulations implement the Directive, have been placed in the libraries of both Houses of Parliament. The Regulatory Impact Assessment and the Transposition Note are also available from the Patent Office, Intellectual Property and Innovation Directorate, Concept House, Newport, South Wales, NP10 8QQ, and are available electronically at: www.patent.gov.uk/about/consultations/responses/resale. Notes: [1]1972 c. 68.back [2]SI 2004/1984.back [3]1979 c. 54.back [4]1988 c. 48. There is an amendment to section 1 that is not relevant to these Regulations.back [5]1985 c. 66.back [6]1993 c. 10.back [7]1964 c. 33.back [8]2005 asp10; section 3 comes into force on such day as the Scottish Ministers may by order appoint.back [9]1990 c. 40; section 1 is amended by paragraph 7(a) of Schedule 4 to the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005, which comes into force on such day as the Scottish Ministers may by order appoint.back ISBN0 11 074042 4 -- Back --
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