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Welsh Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 1756 (W.188)The Adult Placement Schemes (Wales) Regulations 2004(The document as of February, 2008) STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS2004 No. 1756 (W.188)SOCIAL CARE, WALESThe Adult Placement Schemes (Wales) Regulations 2004
The National Assembly for Wales, having consulted such persons as it considers appropriate[1], hereby makes the following Regulations in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by the following sections of the Care Standards Act 2000[2] -
(b) by virtue of Regulation 3 of, and Schedule 1 to, these Regulations[3], sections 22(1), 22 (2)(a) to (d) and (f) to (j), 22(5), 22(7)(a) to (j), 25(1), and 34(1)[4]. Name, commencement and application 1. - (1) These Regulations are called the Adult Placement Schemes (Wales) Regulations 2004 and shall come into force on 1 August 2004. (2) These Regulations apply in relation to Wales. Interpretation 2. - (1) In these Regulations -
(b) in any other case, any office of the National Assembly;
(b) any parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, child, grandchild, great-grandchild, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, nephew or niece of the adult or of the adult's spouse; (c) the spouse of any relative within sub-paragraph (b) of this definition; (d) a person with whom the adult was accommodated for more than 28 days between the ages of sixteen and eighteen under fostering arrangements, or the person's spouse; and for the purpose of determining any such relationship a person's step child shall be treated as his or her child, and references to "spouse" include a former spouse and a person who is living with the person as if they were husband and wife;
(2) In these Regulations a reference -
(b) in a regulation or Schedule to a numbered paragraph is to the paragraph in that regulation or Schedule bearing that number; (c) in a paragraph to a lettered or numbered sub-paragraph is to the sub-paragraph in that paragraph bearing that letter or number. (3) In regulations 2(1) and 7 and in Schedule 1, a reference to Part II of the Act is to Part II of the Act as applied by regulation 3 and Schedule 1.
(b) a statement of the facilities and services which are to be provided under the adult placement scheme for relevant adults; and (c) a statement as to the matters listed in Schedule 2. (2) The registered person must -
(b) make the statement available upon request for inspection at any reasonable time by any relevant adult and any representative of such an adult. Adult placement scheme guide
(b) either a summary of the most recent inspection report or a copy of that report; (c) a summary of the complaints procedure prepared under regulation 21; and (d) the address and telephone number of the appropriate office of the National Assembly. (2) The registered person must -
(b) provide a copy of the current guide to each adult when first placed under the adult placement scheme; (c) provide on request a copy of the current guide to any adult who may be placed under the scheme or to the adult's representative. (3) The adult placement scheme guide must be produced in a format which is appropriate to the needs of relevant adults.
(b) if the adult placement scheme guide is revised, supply a revised copy to each adult who is at the time of the revision placed under the adult placement scheme. (2) The registered person must, whenever practicable, notify the appropriate office of the National Assembly of any revision to be made to the statement of purpose at least 28 days before it is to take effect. Fitness of registered provider 8. - (1) A person must not provide an adult placement scheme unless fit to do so. (2) A person is not fit to provide an adult placement scheme unless the person -
(ii) in partnership with others and he or she and each of the partners satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph (3); or (b) is an organisation and -
(ii) that individual satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph (3). (3) The requirements are that -
(b) the person is physically and mentally fit to provide or (as the case may be) be responsible for the management of the scheme; and (c) full and satisfactory information or (as the case may be) documentation in respect of each of the matters listed in Schedule 3 is available in relation to the person. (4) A person is not fit to provide an adult placement scheme if -
(b) he or she has made a composition or arrangement with, or granted a trust deed for, his or her creditors and has not been discharged in respect of it. Appointment of manager
(b) the registered provider -
(ii) carries on the scheme in partnership; (iii) is not a fit person to manage a scheme; or (iv) is not, or does not intend to be, in full time day to day charge of the scheme. (2) Where -
(b) if an appointment has been made under paragraph (1), the registered manager, proposes to be, is likely to be, or has been, absent from the offices of the scheme for a continuous period of 28 days or more, the registered provider must appoint an individual to manage the scheme during the provider's or (as the case may be) the registered manager's absence.
(b) subject to registration, the date on which the appointment is to take effect. (4) The registered person must nominate a person to be in charge at all times when the offices of the scheme are open for business and the registered person is absent from the premises.
(b) having regard to the nature of the scheme and the number and needs of relevant adults -
(ii) the person is physically and mentally fit to manage the scheme; and (c) full and satisfactory information or (as the case may be) documentation in respect of each of the matters listed in Schedule 3 is available in relation to the person. Registered person - general requirements and training
(b) an organisation, it shall ensure that the responsible individual undertakes, from time to time such training as is appropriate to ensure that he or she has the expertise, experience and skills necessary to ensure that the scheme is provided with sufficient care, competence and skill.
(b) the offence; and (c) the penalty imposed in respect of the offence. Making of placements and adult placement agreements 13. - (1) The registered person must not make a placement of an adult with an adult placement carer unless the registered provider has entered into a written agreement with the carer (referred to in these Regulations as "an adult placement agreement") which complies with the requirements specified in paragraph (2). (2) The requirements are -
(b) that the agreement reflects the obligations of the registered person under regulation 19 (general conduct of scheme); (c) that the agreement specifies the aims of the placement; (d) that whenever practicable the agreement specifies which elements of the adult's plan are to be met by the adult placement carer on behalf of the person responsible for the adult's care; (e) when it has not been practicable to comply with the requirement in sub-paragraph (d) prior to the commencement of the placement, the agreement provides that the specification referred to in that sub-paragraph will be provided by the end of the third working day after the commencement of the placement; (f) that whenever practicable the agreement names an individual other than the registered person, a member of their staff or the adult placement carer, who with the adult's express or implied consent takes an interest in the adult's health and welfare; (g) that the agreement requires the adult placement carer to maintain a record of the personal care and other services provided to the adult under the agreement and to keep the record up to date, in good order and in a secure manner; (h) that the agreement requires the adult placement carer to transfer the records described in sub-paragraph (g) and the copy of the adult's plan kept in the carer's home to the registered person if the placement is terminated; (i) that the agreement specifies suitable arrangements to assist the adult with mobility in the adult placement carer's home, where required; (j) that the agreement specifies the qualifications and experience of the adult placement carer; (k) that the agreement specifies -
(ii) the fees payable in respect of the placement and by whom they are payable; (iii) the terms and conditions in respect of the accommodation, personal care and other services to be provided;
(m) that the agreement describes the procedure to be followed if an allegation of abuse, neglect or other harm has been made; (n) that the agreement provides that the adult is not to be subject to physical restraint unless restraint of the kind employed is the only practicable means of securing the adult's welfare or the welfare of another person in the adult placement carer's home; (o) that the agreement provides that any allegation of a type mentioned in paragraph (m) or the use of any physical restraint upon the adult is to be reported to the registered person; and (p) that the agreement specifies -
(ii) the procedure to be followed where an adult placement carer acts as agent for, or receives money from, the adult. (3) The registered person must not make a placement of an adult unless the registered person has -
(b) whenever practicable, provided the adult with comprehensive information and suitable choice as to the placements which may be available to the adult. (4) The registered person must encourage and take suitable steps to enable relevant adults to make decisions with respect to placements.
(b) whenever a significant alteration is made to the adult's plan; (c) at the reasonable request of the relevant adult; (d) in any event, within a year of the last review. (3) In monitoring a placement and reviewing an adult placement agreement, the registered person must seek the views of the relevant adult.
(b) he or she is physically and mentally fit to meet his or her obligations under the adult placement agreement; (c) he or she has the qualifications, skills, competence and experience necessary to meet his or her obligations under the adult placement agreement; and (d) full and satisfactory information is available in relation to him or her in respect of the matters specified in Schedule 3. Adult placement carers - training
(b) produced a written plan ("the adult's plan") as to how those needs are to be met. (2) If it has not been practicable to comply with paragraph (1) prior to the commencement of a placement, the registered person must comply with sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph (1) by the end of the third working day after the commencement of the placement.
(b) consult with the adult or the adult's representative. (5) The registered person must make the adult's plan available to the adult or the adult's representative. General conduct of adult placement scheme 19. - (1) The registered person must make suitable arrangements to ensure that the scheme is conducted, and that accommodation and personal care is provided -
(b) so as to ensure that a placement is not made in an emergency unless that is in the interests of the relevant adult; (c) so as to safeguard relevant adults against abuse or neglect; (d) so as to promote the independence of relevant adults; (e) so as to ensure the safety and security of relevant adults' property; (f) in a manner which respects the privacy, dignity and wishes of relevant adults and the confidentiality of information relating to them; and (g) with due regard to the sex, sexual orientation, religious persuasion, racial origin, cultural and linguistic background and any disability of relevant adults, and to the way in which they wish to conduct their lives. (2) The registered person must, in relation to the conduct of the adult placement scheme -
(b) encourage and assist staff to maintain good personal and professional relationships with both adult placement carers and relevant adults; and (c) encourage and assist adult placement carers to maintain good personal and professional relationships with relevant adults. (3) The registered person must make appropriate arrangements to ensure that the views of relevant adults are taken into account in the conduct of the scheme.
(b) at all times available for inspection at the principal office of the scheme by any person authorised by the National Assembly to enter and inspect the premises of the adult placement scheme; and (c) retained for a period of not less than three years beginning on the date of the last entry. (2) The registered person must ensure that a copy of each adult's plan and a detailed record of the personal care and other services provided to the adult during a placement are kept within the home of the adult placement carer and that they are kept up to date, in good order and in a secure manner.
(b) on request, to any relevant adult or person acting on behalf of a relevant adult. (6) Where a copy of the complaints procedure is to be supplied in accordance with paragraph (5) to a person who is blind or whose vision is impaired, the registered person must, if it is practicable to do so, supply, in addition to the written copy, a version of the procedure in a form which is suitable for that person.
(b) the procedure (if any) which has been notified by the National Assembly to the registered person for the making of complaints to the National Assembly in relation to the scheme. (8) The registered person must supply to the appropriate office of the National Assembly at its request a statement containing a summary of the complaints made during the preceding twelve months and of the action that was taken in response to each complaint.
(b) improving the quality of the operation of the scheme, including the quality of the accommodation and care provided in placements.
(b) a director or other person responsible for the management of the scheme, provided that the director or other person is suitable to visit the office; or (c) an employee or member of the organisation who is not directly concerned with the conduct of the scheme, provided that the person is suitable to visit the office. (3) Visits under paragraph (1) or (2) must take place at least once every six months.
(b) inspect the premises of the office, its record of events kept under paragraph 4 of Schedule 4 and its record of complaints kept under paragraph 5 of Schedule 4; and (c) prepare a written report on the conduct of the scheme. (6) An interview referred to in paragraph (5)(a) must take place in the home of the adult placement carer if the carer or adult so wishes.
(b) in the case of a visit under paragraph (2) to each of the directors or other persons responsible for the management of the organisation. Fitness of workers
(b) he or she has the qualifications, skills, competence and experience necessary for the work he or she is to perform; (c) he or she is physically and mentally fit for the purposes of the work he or she is to perform; and (d) full and satisfactory information or documentation is available in relation to him or her in respect of the matters specified in Schedule 3. Staff and their training
(b) appropriate information and advice is provided to staff, and further information and advice is made available to them at their reasonable request, in respect of such of the needs of relevant adults as may be met by the scheme; and (c) suitable assistance is provided to staff. (2) The registered person must ensure that each member of staff -
(b) is enabled from time to time to obtain further qualifications appropriate to his or her work. Staff handbook and code of conduct
(b) the role and responsibilities of members of staff and adult placement carers; (c) record keeping requirements; (d) recruitment procedures; and (e) training and career development opportunities and requirements. Financial position
(b) a reference from a bank expressing an opinion as to the registered provider's financial standing; (c) information as to the financing and financial resources of the scheme; (d) where the registered provider is a company, information as to any of its associated companies; and (e) a certificate of insurance for the registered provider in respect of any liability which may be incurred by the provider in relation to the scheme in respect of death, injury, public liability, damage or other loss. (3) If the registered provider is not a local authority, the provider must -
(b) ensure that the accounts give details of the running costs of the scheme, including rent, payments under a mortgage and expenditure on salaries and wages of staff; and (c) supply a copy of the accounts to the National Assembly at its request. Notification of incidents
(b) any incident which -
(ii) is reported to, or investigated by, the police; and (c) any allegation of misconduct by the registered person, a member of staff or an adult placement carer. (3) Any notification under this regulation which is given orally shall be confirmed in writing.
(b) a registered manager, is to be absent from the scheme for a continuous period of 28 days or more, the registered person must give notice of the absence in writing to the appropriate office of the National Assembly.
(b) the reason for the absence; (c) the arrangements which have been made for the running of the scheme during the absence; and (d) the name, address and qualifications of the person who will be responsible for the scheme during the absence. (3) Where an absence referred to in paragraph (1) arises as the result of an emergency, the registered person shall give notice of the absence within one week of the emergency's occurrence specifying the matters in paragraph (2)(a) to (d).
(b) a registered manager, has been absent from the scheme for a continuous period of 28 days or more, and the appropriate office of the National Assembly has not been given notice of the absence, the registered person must forthwith give notice in writing to that office specifying the matters in paragraph (2)(a) to (d).
(b) a person ceases to provide or manage the scheme; (c) the name or address of the principal office of the scheme is, or is proposed to be, changed; (d) where the registered provider is an organisation which is not a local authority -
(ii) there is, or is proposed to be, any change in the identity of the responsible individual; (iii) there is, or is proposed to be, any change in the ownership of the organisation; (e) where the registered provider is an individual, a trustee in bankruptcy for the individual is, or is likely to be, appointed or a composition or arrangement with the individual's creditors is, or is proposed to be, made; Appointment of liquidators etc.
(b) appoint a manager to take full time day to day charge of the scheme in any case where there is no manager; and (c) within 28 days of appointment, notify the appropriate office of the National Assembly of the intended future operation of the scheme. (2) This paragraph applies to any person appointed as -
(b) the liquidator or provisional liquidator of a company which is the registered provider of a scheme; (c) the receiver or manager of the property of a partnership whose business includes the provision of a scheme; (d) the trustee in bankruptcy of a registered provider of a scheme. Offences 32. - (1) A contravention or failure to comply with regulations 4 to 31 is an offence. (2) The National Assembly may bring proceedings against a person who once was, but is no longer, a registered person in respect of a scheme in respect of a failure to comply with regulation 20 (records) after he or she ceases ceased to be the registered person, and for this purpose references in that regulation to the registered person shall be taken to include such a person. Specification of appropriate offices 33.The National Assembly may specify an office controlled by it as the appropriate office in relation to the principal office of a scheme which is situated in a particular area of Wales. Amendment of the Registration of Social Care and Independent Health Care (Wales) Regulations 2002 34. - (1) The Registration of Social Care and Independent Health Care (Wales) Regulations 2002[7] are amended in accordance with the following provisions of this regulation. (2) In regulation 2(1) -
(ii) in any other case, any office of the National Assembly."; (d) in the definition of "statement of purpose" insert -
(3) In regulation 2(3), add -
(ii) reference to a registered manager managing an agency includes reference to a registered manager managing an adult placement scheme; (iii) reference to a registered person in respect of an agency includes a registered person in respect of an adult placement scheme; (iv) reference to a responsible individual includes an individual who is a director, manager, secretary or other officer of an organisation and is responsible for the management of an adult placement scheme; and (v) reference to a service user includes reference to an adult who is placed under an adult placement scheme.". Amendment of the Registration of Social Care and Independent Healthcare (Fees) (Wales) Regulations 2002
(3) In regulation 2(1) -
(4) In regulation 2(3), add -
(ii) reference to a registered manager managing an agency includes reference to a registered manager managing an adult placement scheme; and (iii) reference to a service user includes reference to an adult who is placed under an adult placement scheme.". (5) In regulation 3, after paragraph (3D) insert -
(3F) In the case of an application by a person seeking to be registered as a person who manages an adult placement scheme, the registration fee is Ј300.". (6) After regulation 15 (Annual fee - domiciliary care agencies), insert the following regulation -
16. - (1) The annual fee in respect of an adult placement scheme is Ј750. (2) The annual fee in respect of an adult placement scheme is to be payable by the registered provider on the first and subsequent anniversaries of the date on which his or her certificate of registration is issued.". Transitional provisions
(b) if within that period application is made for registration, until that application is finally disposed of or withdrawn. (3) In this regulation "finally disposed of" means the date 28 days following the grant or refusal of registration and, if an appeal is made, the date when the appeal is finally determined or abandoned.
Amendment of the Domiciliary Care Agencies (Wales) Regulations 2004
1.For the purposes of this Schedule references in Part II of the Act -
(b) to carrying on or managing an establishment or agency shall be taken as references to providing or managing an adult placement scheme; (c) to persons working at an establishment or for the purposes of an agency shall be taken as references to persons working for the purposes of an adult placement scheme; (d) to facilities or services provided in an establishment or by an agency shall be taken as references to facilities or services provided under an adult placement scheme; and (e) to premises being used as an establishment or for the purposes of an agency must be taken as references to premises used for the purposes of managing an adult placement scheme. 2.In respect of the provisions of Part II of the Act which are not modified by Part 2 of this Schedule -
(b) any power of the National Assembly to make subordinate legislation is to be exercisable in relation to a person who provides or manages, intends to provide or manage, or is registered in respect of, an adult placement scheme and also in relation to such a scheme in light of the provisions which are modified by Part 2 of this Schedule; and (c) any power or duty of any person under Part II of the Act is to be exercisable in relation to a person who provides or manages, intends to provide or manage, or is registered in respect of, an adult placement scheme and also in relation to such a scheme in light of the provisions which are modified by Part 2 of this Schedule. 3.In this Schedule a reference to a section is a reference to a section of the Act. Modification of section 22 of the Act (regulation of establishments and agencies) 4. -
(b) Section 22(7)(e) has effect as if it read -
Modification of section 28 of the Act (failure to display certificate of registration)
Modification of section 31 of the Act (inspections by persons authorised by registration authority)
(b) by being sent by post to him in a registered letter or by the recorded delivery service at his proper address.". (b) Section 37(2) of the Act has effect as if it read -
1.The name and business address of the registered person. 2.The address of the principal office of the adult placement scheme. 3.The relevant qualifications of -
(b) the registered manager if one has been appointed. 4.The number, relevant qualifications and experience of the staff working for the purposes of the adult placement scheme. 1.Proof of identity including a recent photograph. 2.Either -
(b) in any other case, a criminal record certificate issued under section 113 of that Act, including, where applicable, the matters specified in section 113(3A) or 115(6A) of that Act and, once they are in force, section 113(3C)(a) and (b) or section 115(6B)(a) and (b) of that Act. 1.The following information and documents in respect of each adult who has been placed under the scheme -
(b) date of birth; (c) the assessment referred to in regulation 18(1); (d) the adult's plan; (e) the adult placement agreement. 2.A record of all persons working for the purposes of the scheme, must include in respect of a person for whom a certificate as mentioned in paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 is required, the following matters -
(b) sex; (c) date of birth; (d) home address; (e) qualifications relevant to, and experience of, work involving vulnerable adults; (f) written confirmation that the information referred to in Schedule 3 is available in relation to the person. 3.A record of all adult placement carers with whom an adult has been placed including -
(b) sex; (c) date of birth; (d) address; (e) qualifications relevant to, and experience of, work involving vulnerable adults; (f) a copy of the adult placement agreement; (g) a record of the monitoring undertaken in respect of the placement under regulation 14; (h) written confirmation that the information referred to in Schedule 3 is available in relation to the carer. 4.A record of -
(b) any use of physical restraint upon an adult placed under the scheme; and (c) any allegation of abuse, neglect or other harm made by or in relation to an adult placed under the scheme. 5.A record of -
(b) the action (if any) taken in response to a complaint. (This note is not part of the Regulations) These Regulations are made under the Care Standards Act 2000 ("the Act"). They modify the Act so as to apply Part II of the Act to adult placement schemes in Wales ("schemes") and make provision in relation to such schemes. Part I of the Act and Part II as modified and applied by these Regulations provide for the National Assembly for Wales, in relation to Wales, to register persons providing or managing schemes and to inspect scheme premises. Part II also provides that a person who provides or manages a scheme without being registered in respect of it commits an offence. The Act also provides for the Assembly to make regulations governing the conduct of schemes in relation to Wales. Under section 13 of the Act the National Assembly must be satisfied that the regulations are being and will continue to be complied with if it is to grant an application for registration. Regulation 2 defines an adult placement scheme as a scheme under which arrangements are made or proposed to be made for not more than two adults to be accommodated and provided with personal care in the home of a person who is not their relative. Regulation 3 and Schedule 1 apply with modifications Part II of the Act to adult placement schemes. Regulations 4 to 6 are about the scheme's statement of purpose and adult placement scheme guide. Each scheme must have a statement of purpose and a guide to the scheme (regulations 4 and 5). The statement and the guide are to be kept under review and revised if necessary (regulation 6). Regulation 7 requires the fact of a scheme's registration to be noted on correspondence and documents. Part II of the Regulations makes provision about the fitness of persons providing or managing the scheme, and requires satisfactory information as to the matters set out in Schedule 3 to be available in relation to these persons. Regulation 8 provides that where the registered provider is an organisation, a responsible individual must be appointed, and regulation 11 imposes general requirements in relation to the conduct of a scheme and for registered persons to undertake appropriate training. Part III of the Regulations makes provision about the making of placements and adult placement agreements (regulation 13), the monitoring and review of placements (regulation 14), the termination of placements (regulation 15) and the fitness and training of adult placement carers (regulations 16 and 17). Regulation 18 requires the registered person to assess the adult's needs and to produce and review a plan which describes how those needs are to be met. Part IV makes provision for the general conduct of the scheme (regulation 19), record keeping (regulation 20), complaints procedures of the scheme (regulation 21), review of the quality of the scheme's operations (regulation 22) and the visiting of a scheme by or on behalf of its registered provider (regulation 23). It also makes provision about the fitness of scheme workers and their training (regulations 24 and 25) and the provision of a staff handbook and code of conduct (regulation 26). Regulation 27 makes provision concerning the financial position of schemes. Part IV also requires notice to be given to the National Assembly of specified events relating to a scheme (regulations 28 to 31). Part V of the Regulations deals with miscellaneous matters such as offences under the Regulations (regulation 32), the specification of appropriate offices of the National Assembly for the purpose of obligations under the Regulations to give notice (regulation 33), amendments to the Statutory Instruments about the making of applications for registration and the payment of registration fees (regulations 34 and 35), transitional provisions (regulation 36) and amendments to the Care Homes (Wales) Regulations 2002 and to the Domiciliary Care Agencies (Wales) Regulations 2004 (regulations 37 and 38). A Regulatory Appraisal has been prepared in connection with these Regulations. A copy may be obtained from the Older People and Long-term Care Policy Directorate, the National Assembly for Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3NQ (Tel: 02920825441). Notes: [1]See section 22(9) of the Care Standards Act 2000 for the requirement to consult.back [2]2000 c.14. The powers are conferred upon the "appropriate Minister". "Appropriate Minister" means the Assembly in relation to Wales, it means the Secretary of State in relation to England, Scotland and Northern Ireland: see section 121(1) of the 2000 Act. "Assembly" means the National Assembly for Wales: see section 5(b) of the 2000 Act. See section 121(1) for the definitions of "prescribed" and "regulations".back [3]Section 42(1) of the Act, under which regulation 3 is made, provides that regulations may apply the provisions of Part II of the Act to persons prescribed by these regulations (being persons to which sub-sections (2) and (3) apply) with such modifications as may be specified in the regulations.back [4]See paragraphs 1 and 2 and Part II of Schedule 1 to these Regulations.back [5]S.I. 1975/1023; the definition of "care services" was inserted in the 1975 Order by S.I. 2002/441.back [6]S.I. 1975/1023; the definition of "vulnerable adult" was inserted in the 1975 Order by S.I. 2002/441.back [7]S.I. 2002/919 (W.107) as amended by S.I. 2003/237 (W.35), 2003/710 (W.86), 2003/2527 (W.242) and 2004/219 (W.23).back [8]2004/1756 (W.188).back [9]S.I. 2002/921 (W.109) as amended by S.I. 2003/237 (W.35), 2003/710 (W.86), 2003/781 (W.92), 2003/2527 (W.242) and 2004/219 (W.23).back [10]S.I. 2004/1756 (W.188)back [11]S.I. 2002/324 (W.37).back [12]2004/1756 (W.188).back [13]2004/ 219 (W.23).back [14]2004/1756 (W.188).back [15]1998 c.38.back [16]1978 c.30.back [17]1997 c.50.back ISBN0 11049508 X -- Back --
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