Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2514

The Merchant Shipping (Passenger Ship Construction: Ships of Classes I, II and II(A)) Regulations 1998

(The document as of February, 2008)

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STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS

1998 No. 2514

MERCHANT SHIPPING

SAFETY

The Merchant Shipping (Passenger Ship Construction: Ships of Classes I, II and II(A)) Regulations 1998

	Made	8th October 1998
	Laid before Parliament	19th October 1998
	Coming into force	12th November 1998

ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS

PART I
PRELIMINARY

1.	Citation, commencement and revocation

2.	Interpretation

3.	Application

4.	Exemptions for certain Classes of ships and individual ships

5.	Approved standards

PART II
STRENGTH, CONSTRUCTION AND WATERTIGHT SUBDIVISION

6.	Application

7.	Structural strength

8.	Watertight subdivision

9.	Construction of watertight bulkheads

10.	Collision, machinery space and afterpeak bulkheads and shaft tunnels

11.	Double bottoms

12.	Weather deck

13.	Partial subdivision above the bulkhead deck

14.	Openings in watertight bulkheads

15.	Openings in the shell plating below the bulkhead deck

16.	Side and other openings above the bulkhead deck

17.	Construction and testing of watertight doors

18.	Construction and testing of watertight decks, trunks etc.

19.	Ships carrying goods vehicles and accompanying personnel (watertight doors)

PART III
CLOSING OF OPENINGS IN HULLS AND WATERTIGHT BULKHEADS

20.	Interpretation

21.	Means of closing openings in watertight bulkheads and operating sliding watertight doors

22.	Closure of hull openings, watertight doors, openings in watertight bulkheads

23.	Marking of doors, mechanisms and valves

24.	Drills and inspections

25.

Training

26.	Entries in official log book

PART IV
CLOSING OF OPENINGS IN ENCLOSED SUPERSTRUCTURES AND IN BULKHEADS ABOVE THE BULKHEAD DECK

27.	Interpretation

28.	Closure of main loading doors

29.	Closure of bulkheads on the ro-ro deck

30.	Supervision and reporting of closure

31.	Closure of watertight and weathertight doors in bulkheads

32.	Watertight integrity from the bulkhead deck to spaces below

33.	Opening of doors in an emergency

34.	Entries in official log book

35.	Listing of loading and unloading berths

36.	Written instructions regarding the closure of doors above the bulkhead deck

PART V
STABILITY AND SHIPSIDE MARKINGS

37.	Intact stability standard

38.	Inclining, lightweight survey and stability information

39.	Subdivision load lines

40.	Draught marks

41.	Automatic draught gauge system

42.	Recording of draught, trim and freeboard prior to departure

43.	Calculation of stability prior to departure

44.	Stability in the damaged condition; Pre-1990 ships

45.	Stability in the damaged condition; Post-1990 ships

46.	Requirements for ro-ro passenger ships which carry 400 persons or more

47.	Exhibition of damage control plans

PART VI
BILGE PUMPING ARRANGEMENTS

48.	Application

49.

General

50.	Number and type of bilge pumps

51.	Requirements for bilge pumps and bilge suctions

PART VII
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS

52.	Application

53.

General

54.	Main source of electrical power and main switchboards

55.	Lighting systems

56.	Emergency and transitional source of electrical power

57.	Distribution systems

58.	Location and construction of electric cable

59.	General precautions against shock, fire and other hazards

60.	Electrical equipment in hazardous areas and spaces

61.	Spare parts and tools

PART VIII
BOILERS AND MACHINERY

62.

General

63.

Machinery

64.	Means of manoeuvring and going astern

65.	Boilers and other pressure vessels

66.	Boiler feed systems

67.	Steam pipe systems

68.	Air pressure systems

69.	Cooling systems

70.	Oil fuel installations

71.	Oil systems for lubricating, heating, cooling and control

72.	Machinery controls

73.	Steering gear

74.	Ventilating systems in machinery spaces

75.	Protection against noise

76.	Communication between navigation bridge and machinery space

77.	Engineers alarm

78.	Spare gear

PART IX
MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS

79.	Application

80.	Guard rails, stanchions and bulwarks

81.	Anchor handling equipment, anchors and chain cable

82.	Hawsers and warps

83.	Gas welding, flame cutting and domestic fuel installations

84.	The use of asbestos

PART X
MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPSWITH SPECIAL CATEGORY OR RO - RO CARGO SPACES

85.	Application

86.	Access opening indicator lights and alarms

87.	Supplementary emergency lighting

88.	Access to ro-ro decks

89.	Television surveillance and leak detection requirements

PART XI
EQUIVALENTS, PENALTIES, DETENTION AND INVALID STABILITY INFORMATION

90.	Alternative construction, equipment and machinery

91.

Penalties

92.	Power to detain

93.	Invalid stability information

The Secretary of State, after consulting the persons referred to in section 86(4) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995[1], in exercise of powers conferred by section 85(1)(a) and (b), (3) and (5) to (7) and section 86(1) and (2) of that Act and all other powers enabling him in that behalf, hereby makes the following Regulations:

PART I
PRELIMINARY
Citation, commencement and revocation
1. - (1) These Regulations may be cited as the Merchant Shipping (Passenger Ship Construction: Ships of Classes I, II and II(A)) Regulations 1998 and shall come into force on 12th November.

(2) The following Regulations are hereby revoked -

Interpretation
2. - (1) In these Regulations -

(2) In these Regulations the following expressions have the following meanings respectively, except where the context requires otherwise -

"approved" means approved by the Secretary of State or, in relation to any equipment or arrangement mentioned in Merchant Shipping Notice No. M1645, by any persons specified in that Notice in relation to such equipment or arrangement;

"auxiliary steering gear" means the equipment, other than any part of the main steering gear, necessary to steer the ship in the event of failure of the main steering gear but not including the tiller, quadrant or components serving the same purpose;

"breadth of the ship" means the greatest moulded breadth at or below the ship's deepest subdivision load waterline;

"bulkhead deck" means the uppermost deck up to which transverse watertight bulkheads are carried;

"Certifying Authority" means the Secretary of State or any person authorised by the Secretary of State;

"control room" means a room either within or outside a propelling machinery space, from which propelling machinery and boilers may be controlled;

"crew space" means crew accommodation within the meaning of section 43 in the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;

"dangerous goods" means goods defined as such in the Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulations 1997[18], and any reference to a particular Class of dangerous goods is a reference to that Class of dangerous goods as defined in those Regulations;

"dead ship condition" means the condition under which the main propulsion plant, boilers and auxiliaries are not in operation due to the absence of power;

"draught" unless stated otherwise, means the vertical distance from the underside of keel amidships to a subdivision load waterline;

"EEA Agreement" means the Agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2nd May 1992 as adjusted by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 17th May 1993[19];

"EEA State" means a State which is a Contracting Party to the EEA Agreement;

"emergency condition" means a condition under which any services needed for normal operational and habitable conditions are not in working order due to failure of the main source of electrical power;

"emergency source of electrical power" means a source of electrical power intended to supply the emergency switchboard in the event of failure of the main source of electrical power;

"emergency switchboard" means a switchboard which in the event of failure of the main electrical power supply system is directly supplied by the emergency source of electrical power or the transitional source of emergency electrical power and is intended to distribute electrical energy to the emergency services;

"enclosed superstructure" means a superstructure -

but does not include a bridge or poop fulfilling these requirements unless access to machinery and other working spaces within the bridge or poop is provided by alternative means which are available at all times when access openings in the bulkheads of the bridge or poop are closed;

"factor of subdivision" in relation to any ship or portion thereof means the factor of subdivision determined in accordance with such provisions of Schedule 2 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698(M) as apply to that ship or portion as the case may be;

"forward perpendicular" means the forward extremity of the length of the ship;

"freeboard deck" has the same meaning as in the Merchant Shipping (Load Line) Rules 1998[20];

"hazardous area" means an area in which explosive gas-air mixtures are, or may be expected to be, present in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction and use of electrical apparatus or other apparatus which otherwise would constitute a source of ignition;

"high speed craft" is a craft capable of a maximum speed in metres per second (m/s) equal to or exceeding -

3.7

⁰^.¹⁶⁶⁷ (m/s)

where

"IMO" means the International Maritime Organization;

"IMO Resolution A.265 (VIII)" means Resolution A.265 (VIII) adopted by IMO, entitled "Regulations on Subdivision and Stability of Passenger Ships as an Equivalent to Part B of Chapter II of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1960";

"independent power pump" means a pump operated by power otherwise than from the ship's main engines;

"length" in relation to a ship, unless otherwise defined, means the length of a ship measured between perpendiculars taken at the extremities of the deepest subdivision load waterline;

"lightweight" means the displacement of a ship in tonnes without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water and feed water in tanks, consumable stores and passengers and crew and their effects;

"machinery space", except in Parts II to VI, means any space which contains propelling machinery, boilers, oil fuel units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators and major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilising, ventilation and air conditioning machinery and similar spaces, and where the context so admits any trunk to such a space;

"machinery space" in Parts II to VI means any space extending from the moulded base line of the ship to the bulkhead deck and between the extreme transverse watertight bulkheads bounding the spaces containing the main and auxiliary propelling machinery, generators and boilers serving the needs of propulsion, when installed;

"machinery spaces of Category A" means a machinery space which contains -

"main generating station" means the space in which the main source of electrical power is situated;

"main source of electrical power" means a source intended to supply electrical power to the main switchboard for distribution to all services necessary for maintaining the ship in a normal operational and habitable condition;

"main steering gear" means the machinery, rudder actuators, steering gear power units, if any, and auxiliary equipment and the means of applying torque to the rudder stock, such as the tiller or quadrant, necessary for effecting movement of the rudder for the purpose of steering the ship under normal service conditions;

"main switchboard" means a switchboard which is directly supplied by the main source of electrical power and is intended to distribute electrical energy to the ship's services;

"margin line" means a line at least 76 millimetres below the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at the side of a subdivided ship;

"Maritime and Coastguard Agency" means the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, an executive agency of the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions;

"maximum ahead service speed" means the greatest speed which the ship is designed to maintain in service at sea at her deepest seagoing draught;

"Merchant Shipping Notice", "Marine Guidance Note" or "Marine Information Note" means a Notice/Note described as such and issued by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency;

"mile" means a nautical mile of 1852 metres;

"navigable speed" means the minimum speed at which a ship can be effectively steered in the ahead direction;

"noise level" means "A" weighted sound pressure level in decibels dB(A) as defined and tabulated in the British Standards specification number EN 60651: 1994;

"nominated surveyor" means a surveyor nominated by the Secretary of State to undertake the surveys required by these Regulations and includes a marine surveyor of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency;

"normal operational and habitable condition" means a condition under which the ship as a whole, the machinery, services, means and aids ensuring propulsion, ability to steer, safe navigation, fire and flooding safety, internal and external communications and signals, means of escape, and winches for emergency boats, as well as the designed comfortable conditions of habitability are in working order and functioning normally;

"oil fuel unit" means the equipment used for the preparation of oil fuel for delivery to an oil-fired boiler or the equipment used for the preparation for delivery of heated oil to an internal combustion engine, and includes any oil pressure pumps, filters and heaters dealing with oil at a pressure greater than 1.8 bar;

"open ro-ro cargo spaces" means ro-ro cargo spaces which are open at both ends, or open at one end and provided with adequate natural ventilation effective over their entire length through permanent openings in the side plating or deckhead;

"passenger" means any person carried in a ship except -

"passenger ship" means a ship carrying more than 12 passengers and propelled by electricity or other mechanical power;

"passenger space" means a space provided for the use of passengers, except as otherwise defined in paragraph 1(4) of section 1 of Schedule 2 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M);

"permeability" in relation to a space means the percentage of that space, on the assumption that it is in use for the purpose for which it was appropriated, that can be occupied by water;

"periodic survey" means a periodical survey pursuant to regulation 4(b) of the Merchant Shipping (Survey and Certification) Regulations 1995[21];

"pleasure vessel" has the same meaning as in the Merchant Shipping (Vessels in Commercial Use for Sport or Pleasure) Regulations 1993[22];

"public spaces" includes halls, dining rooms, bars, smoke rooms, lounges, recreation rooms, nurseries, libraries and similar public permanently enclosed spaces;

"relevant standard of an EEA state other than the United Kingdom", in relation to a reference to an International Standard or a British Standard means -

being a standard, code of practice or specification which provides, in use, levels of safety, suitability and fitness of purpose equivalent to those provided by the International Standard or the British Standard.

"ro-ro cargo spaces" means spaces not normally subdivided in any way and extending to either a substantial length or the entire length of the ship in which goods (packaged or in bulk, in or on rail or road cars, vehicles (including road or rail tankers), trailers, containers, pallets, demountable tanks or in or on similar stowage units or other receptacles) can be loaded and unloaded normally in a horizontal direction;

"ro-ro passenger ship" means a passenger ship provided with cargo or vehicle spaces not normally subdivided in any way and extending to either a substantial length or the entire length of the ship in which vehicles or cargo can be loaded or unloaded in a horizontal direction;

"settling tank" means an oil storage tank having a heating surface of not less than 0.183 square metre per tonne of oil capacity;

"similar stage of construction" means the stage at which -

"special category space" means any enclosed space above or below the bulkhead deck intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their propulsion, into and from which such vehicles can be driven and to which passengers have access;

"SOLAS" means the Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974[23], and its 1978 Protocol[24] and amendments in force on 1st July 1998;

"stability information" means the information required to be provided in compliance with regulation 38;

"steering gear power unit" means -

"subdivided ship" means a ship which has a factor of subdivision of unity or 0.5;

"subdivision load waterline" means the waterline assumed in determining the subdivision of the ship in accordance with these Regulations;

"suitable" in relation to material means approved as suitable for the purpose for which it is used;

"superstructure" means a decked structure situated on or above the bulkhead deck which either extends from side to side of the ship or is such that its side plating is not inboard of the shell plating of the ship by more than 4 per cent of the breadth of the ship and, where the bulkhead deck of the ship consists of a lower deck, includes that part of the hull of the ship which extends above the bulkhead deck;

"superstructure deck" means a deck forming the top of a superstructure;

"United Kingdom ro-ro passenger ship" means a ro-ro passenger ship which is a United Kingdom ship;

"voyage" includes an excursion; and shall be taken to commence when a ship leaves its berth or anchorage at a port;

"watertight" in relation to a structure means capable of preventing the passage of water through the structure in any direction under the maximum head of water which it might have to sustain in the event of damage to the ship, but for structures below the bulkhead deck at least the head of water up to the ship's bulkhead deck;

"weathertight" in relation to a structure means capable of preventing the passage of sea water through the structure in the worst sea and weather conditions likely to be encountered by the ship.

(3) Any reference in these Regulations to -

shall include -

    (4) Where a ship is operated by a person other than its owner (whether on behalf of the owner or some other person, or on his own behalf), a reference in these Regulations to the owner shall be construed as including a reference to that person.

    (5) Any approval given pursuant to these Regulations shall be given in writing and shall specify the date when it is to come into force and the conditions (if any) on which it is given.

    (6)

Ships engaged on international voyages

Class I	Ships engaged on voyages any of which are long international voyages.
Class II	Ships engaged on voyages any of which are short international voyages.

Ships not engaged on international voyages

Class II(A)

Ships engaged on voyages of any kind other than international voyages, which are not ships of Classes III to VI(A) as defined in the Merchant Shipping (Passenger Ship Construction: Ships of Classes III to VI(A)) Regulations 1998[25].

(b) For the purposes of this regulation the following expressions have the following meanings respectively -

"long international voyage" means a voyage from a port in one country to which SOLAS applies to a port in another country or conversely and which is not a short international voyage;

"short international voyage" means an international voyage -

Application
    3. - (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) to (6) below, these Regulations apply to passenger ships of Classes I, II and II(A).

    (2) These Regulations apply to United Kingdom ships wherever they may be, and to other ships whilst they are in United Kingdom waters.

    (3)

    (4) These Regulations shall not apply to high-speed craft to which the Merchant Shipping (High Speed Craft) Regulations 1996[26] apply.

    (5) No account shall be taken of any deviation by a ship from her intended voyage due solely to stress of weather or any other circumstances that neither the master nor the owner nor the charterer (if any) of the ship could have prevented or forestalled.

    (6) Part IV of these Regulations applies only to -

(7) Where any requirement relates to a ship constructed on or after a certain date, then to the extent that the Secretary of State deems reasonable and practical that requirement shall apply in respect of any major repair, alteration or modification carried out on or after that date to a United Kingdom ship constructed before that date.

Exemptions for certain classes of ships and individual ships
4.The Secretary of State may exempt classes of ships or individual ships from the provisions of these Regulations, subject to such conditions as he may specify, and may on giving reasonable notice alter or cancel any exemption so granted. In particular he may exempt from any of the requirements of these Regulations -

(f) pleasure vessels.

Approved standards
5.In complying with the requirements of these Regulations with respect to construction or maintenance relating to hull, machinery, electrical installations and control installations United Kingdom ships shall comply with the approved standards listed in Merchant Shipping Notice No. M.1672 which are relevant to it.

PART II
STRENGTH, CONSTRUCTION AND WATERTIGHT SUBDIVISION
Application
    6.This Part applies to all ships, except that a ship which complies fully with regulations 2 to 8, 11 and 13 of IMO Resolution A.265(VIII) need not comply with all the requirements of this Part, but only with regulations 10, 14, 17 to 19 (inclusive) and 21, Sections 2, 3 and 4 of Schedule 4 and Schedules 10 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

Structural strength
    7.The structural strength of every ship shall be sufficient for the service for which the ship is intended.

Watertight subdivision
    8.Every ship shall be subdivided by bulkheads, which shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck, into compartments the maximum length of which shall be calculated in accordance with such of the provisions of Schedule 2 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) as apply to that ship. Every other portion of the internal structure which affects the efficiency of the subdivision of the ship shall be watertight, and shall be of a design which will maintain the integrity of the subdivision.

Construction of watertight bulkheads
    9. - (1) Every portion of the ship required by these Regulations to be watertight shall be constructed in accordance with such of the requirements of Section 1 of Schedule 4 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) as apply to it.

    (2) All tanks forming part of the structure of the ship and used for the storage of oil fuel or other liquids including double bottoms, peak tanks, settling tanks and bunkers shall be of a design and construction adequate for that purpose.

Collision, machinery space and afterpeak bulkheads and shaft tunnels
    10. - (1) Every ship shall be provided with a collision bulkhead which shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck and shall be fitted at a distance from the ship's forward perpendicular of not less than 5 per cent of the length of the ship and not more than 3.0 metres plus 5 per cent of such length.

    (2) Where, in a ship constructed on or after 1st September 1984, any part below the waterline extends forward of the forward perpendicular, the distances specified in paragraph (1) shall be measured from a point either -

whichever gives the smallest measurement.

(3) Where a long forward superstructure is fitted, the forepeak or collision bulkhead on all passenger ships shall be extended weathertight to the next full deck above the bulkhead deck. The extension may only open forwards and shall be so arranged as to preclude the possibility of the bow door causing damage to it in the case of damage to, or detachment of, a bow door.

(4) The extension required in paragraph 3 need not be fitted directly above the bulkhead below, provided that no part of the extension is located outside of the limits specified in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) as applicable. However, in ships constructed before 1st July 1997:

    (5) Ramps not meeting the requirements of paragraph (4) shall be disregarded as an extension of the collision bulkhead.

    (6) Every ship shall be provided with a watertight afterpeak bulkhead and with watertight bulkheads dividing the space appropriated to the main and auxiliary propelling machinery, and boilers, if any, from other spaces. Such bulkheads shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck provided that the afterpeak bulkhead may be stepped below the bulkhead deck if the safety of the ship as regards subdivision is not thereby impaired.

    (7) The stern gland of every ship shall be situated in a watertight shaft tunnel or other watertight space separate from the stern tube compartment and of such a volume that if the tunnel or space is flooded the bulkhead deck will not be submerged. The stern tube shall be enclosed in a watertight compartment of moderate volume.

Double bottoms
    11. - (1) Every ship shall be fitted with a watertight double bottom which shall extend from the forepeak bulkhead to the afterpeak bulkhead, as far as this is practicable, provided that a double bottom may be dispensed with in compartments where its fitting would not be compatible with the design and proper working of the ship, subject to the following minimum requirements for fitting such a double bottom -

    (2) Any ship of Class II or II(A) may be exempted by the Secretary of State from the requirements for a double bottom in any portion of the ship which is subdivided by application of a factor of subdivision not exceeding 0.5 if it can be shown that the fitting of a double bottom in that portion of the ship would not be compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.

    (3) When a double bottom is required by this regulation to be fitted, its moulded depth shall be of a satisfactory height and the inner bottom shall be continued out to the ship's sides in such a manner as to protect the bottom to the turn of the bilge. The inner bottom shall be deemed to be adequate for this purpose if the line of intersection of the outer edge of the margin plate with the bilge plating is not lower at any point than a horizontal plane passing through the point of intersection with the frame line amidships of a transverse diagonal line inclined at 25 degrees to the base line and cutting it at a point one-half of the ship's moulded breadth from the centreline.

    (4) Wells constructed in the double bottom for the purpose of drainage shall not be larger nor extend downwards more than is necessary for such purpose. The depth of the well shall in no case be more than the depth of the double bottom at the centre line, less 460 millimetres, nor shall the well extend below the horizontal plane referred to in paragraph (3), provided that a well extending to the outer bottom may be constructed at the after end of a watertight shaft tunnel fitted in accordance with regulation 10(3).

    (5) Wells for purposes other than drainage shall not be constructed in the double bottom. A ship may be exempted from the requirements of this paragraph in respect of any well if it can be shown that it will not diminish the protection given by the double bottom.

    (6) Nothing in this regulation shall require a double bottom to be fitted in way of watertight compartments of moderate size used exclusively for the carriage of liquids if the safety of the ship will not be impaired in the event of bottom or side damage by reason of the absence of a double bottom in that position.

Weather deck
    12. - (1) The bulkhead deck or a deck above the bulkhead deck shall be weathertight. All openings in an exposed weathertight deck shall have coamings of adequate height and strength and shall be provided with efficient and rapid means of closing so as to make them weathertight. Freeing ports, open rails and scuppers shall be fitted as necessary for rapidly clearing the weather deck of water under all weather conditions.

    (2) In passenger ships constructed on or after 1st July 1997, the open end of air pipes terminating within a superstructure shall be at least 1 m above the waterline when the ship heels to either an angle of 15 degrees, or the maximum angle of heel during intermediate stages of flooding, as determined by direct calculation, whichever is the greater. Alternatively, air pipes from tanks other than oil tanks may discharge through the side of the superstructure. The provisions of this paragraph are without prejudice to the provisions of the Merchant Shipping (Load Lines) Rules 1968.

Partial subdivision above the bulkhead deck
    13.All reasonable and practicable measures shall be taken to limit where necessary the entry and spread of water above the bulkhead deck; such measures may include partial bulkheads or webs. Where such partial watertight bulkheads and webs are fitted on the bulkhead deck, above or in the immediate vicinity of main subdivision bulkheads, they shall have watertight shell and bulkhead deck connections so as to restrict the flow of water along the deck when the ship is heeled in a damaged condition. Where such partial watertight bulkheads do not coincide with the bulkheads below, the bulkhead deck between shall be made effectively watertight.

Openings in watertight bulkheads
    14. - (1) The number of openings in watertight bulkheads shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship and means shall be provided for satisfactorily closing these openings.

    (2)

(3)

(4) Doorways, manholes and access openings shall not be fitted in the collision bulkhead below the bulkhead deck of any ship or in any other bulkhead which is required by these Regulations to be watertight and which divides a cargo space from another cargo space or from a permanent or reserve bunker: Provided that any ship may be permitted to fit doorways in bulkheads dividing two between-deck cargo spaces if -

provided also that in ships constructed on or after 1st September 1984 carrying goods vehicles and accompanying personnel, doorways may be fitted in bulkheads dividing cargo spaces at any level, subject to compliance with regulation 19(1).

(5) Bulkheads in spaces that do not contain machinery and are required by these Regulations to be watertight shall not be pierced by openings which are capable of being closed only by portable bolted plates.

(6)

(b)

Openings in the shell plating below the bulkhead deck
    15. - (1) The number of sidescuttles, scuppers, sanitary discharges and other openings in the shell below the bulkhead deck shall be the minimum which is compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.

    (2) The arrangements for closing every such opening below the bulkhead deck shall be consistent with its intended purpose and shall be such as will ensure watertightness.

    (3) The design and arrangements of openings in the shell plating below the margin line shall be in accordance with the specifications set out in Schedule 10 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

    (4)

Side and other openings above the bulkhead deck
    16. - (1) Sidescuttles, windows, gangway ports, cargo ports, bunkering ports and other openings in the shell above the bulkhead deck and their means of closing shall be of efficient design and construction and of sufficient strength having regard to the spaces in which they are fitted and to their positions relative to the deepest subdivision load waterline and to the intended service of the ship. All sidescuttles and windows shall be designed and constructed to standards recognised by the Certifying Authority.

    (2) Efficiently hinged deadlights, which can be easily closed and secured watertight shall be provided for all sidescuttles to spaces below the first deck above the bulkhead deck.

    (3) Each discharge led through the shell above the bulkhead deck from a space below the freeboard deck or from within any enclosed superstructure or from within any deckhouse on the freeboard deck which is fitted with weathertight doors, shall be fitted in compliance with the requirements of paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 10 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) with efficient means for preventing water from passing inboard.

Construction and testing of watertight doors
    17.Every door required to be watertight shall be of such design, material and construction as will maintain the integrity of the watertight bulkhead in which it is fitted. Any such door shall, together with its frame, be made of cast or mild steel and comply with the specifications set out in section 2 of Schedule 4 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

Construction and testing of watertight decks, trunks etc.
    18. - (1) Watertight decks, trunks, tunnels, duct keels and ventilators shall be of the same strength as watertight bulkheads at corresponding levels. The means used for making them watertight, and the arrangements adopted for closing openings in them, shall be to the satisfaction of the Certifying Authority. Watertight ventilators and trunks shall be carried at least up to the bulkhead deck.

    (2) Where a ventilation trunk passing through a structure penetrates the bulkhead deck, the trunk shall be capable of withstanding the water pressure that may be present within the trunk, assuming that the maximum heel angle allowable during intermediate stages of flooding shall be the angle specified in Schedule 1 of Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

    (3) Where all or part of the penetration of the bulkhead deck is on the main ro-ro deck, the trunk shall be capable of withstanding impact pressure due to internal water motions (sloshing) of water trapped on the ro-ro deck.

    (4) In ships constructed before 1st July 1997, the requirements of paragraph (2) shall apply not later than the date of the first periodic survey after 1st July 1997 or the date on which these Regulations come into force whichever is later.

    (5) After completion, a hose or flooding test shall be applied to watertight decks and a hose test to watertight trunks, tunnels and ventilators.

Ships carrying goods vehicles and accompanying personnel (watertight doors)

Requirements for ships constructed on or after 1st September 1984
    19. - (1)

	A
N = 12 +
	25

where

A; is the total deck area in square metres available in any spaces for the stowage of goods vehicles which has a clear height of not less than 4 metres and has a clear height at the entrance or access of not less than 4 metres; provided that in calculating A any part of any space which does not have a clear height of 4 metres and any part of space, of whatever height, which does not have a clear height at the entrance or access of 4 metres shall be excluded from the calculation.

(b) Every watertight door fitted in accordance with this regulation shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 10 of Section 3 of Schedule 4 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) and every such door shall be connected with an indicator on the navigating bridge showing when the door is closed and all door fastenings are secured.

(2) In applying sub-paragraph (1)(1) of Schedule 1 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) for the worst operating condition, the permeability of cargo spaces used for the stowage of containers shall be derived by calculation in which the containers shall be assumed to be non-watertight and their permeability taken as 65 per cent. For ships which are dedicated to a particular trade or trades the actual value of permeability for the containers may be applied. In no case shall the permeability of the cargo spaces in which the containers are carried be taken as less than 60 per cent.

PART III
CLOSING OF OPENINGS IN HULLS AND WATERTIGHT BULKHEADS
Interpretation
20.In this Part the following expressions have the following meanings respectively -

"locked" means secured by a device which prevents unauthorised operation;

"restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, snow, rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes;

"a closing appliance" shall be deemed to be below the margin line if the sill of the opening with which it is associated is below that line.

Means of closing openings in watertight bulkheads and operating sliding watertight doors
    21. - (1) Every door fitted to an opening in a watertight bulkhead shall comply with the specifications set out in either Section 3 or 4 of Schedule 4 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M), as appropriate.

    (2) In ships constructed before 1st February 1992, doors not complying with Section 3 of Schedule 4 of Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) shall be closed before each voyage commences, and shall be kept closed during navigation; the time of opening such doors in port and of closing them before the ship leaves port shall be entered in the log-book.

Closure of hull openings, watertight doors, openings in watertight bulkheads
    22. - (1) The following closing appliances are to be securely closed before the ship proceeds on any voyage and are to be kept closed until the ship has been secured at a berth or anchorage -

(d) gangway and cargo loading doors below the margin line.

(2) No closing appliance described in paragraph (1) shall be considered as being securely closed unless it is locked.

(3) Watertight doors below the bulkhead deck fitted in bulkheads which are required to be watertight, other than those doors described in paragraph (1), shall be kept closed whilst the ship is on any voyage except -

    (4) The operational instructions referred to in paragraph (3)(a) shall be kept on board the ship at all times in the custody of the master.

    (5) Any watertight door which may be opened in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (3) shall be kept clear of obstructions which might prevent its rapid closure.

    (6) Notwithstanding the requirements of this regulation, in an emergency situation the master may authorise the opening or closing of any watertight door, provided he is satisfied that such action is essential for the overall safety of the ship.

    (7) Every portable plate closing an opening below the bulkhead deck in any portion of the internal structure of the ship which is required to be watertight shall be fitted in place before the ship proceeds on any voyage and shall be kept in place, except in case of urgent necessity, until the ship has been secured at a berth or anchorage. In replacing any such plate all reasonable precautions shall be taken to ensure that the joints are watertight.

    (8) Both the watertight cover and the automatic non-return valve of a chute or other similar device on the ship having its inboard opening below the margin line shall be kept closed and secured when such device is not in use.

Marking of doors, mechanisms and valves
    23.In every ship constructed on or after 25th May 1980 all doors, mechanisms and valves connected with the damage control and watertight integrity of the ship shall be suitably marked to ensure that they may be properly used to provide maximum safety.

Drills and inspections
    24. - (1) All deadlights which are accessible, all watertight doors to which regulation 22(3) applies, all valves and closing mechanisms of scuppers and the devices referred to in regulation 22(8) shall be opened and closed for purposes of drill -

(2) All watertight doors fitted in bulkheads required to be watertight which may be opened for the working of the ship in accordance with the requirements of regulation 22(3) shall be opened and closed for the purpose of drill once in every period of 24 hours.

(3) All closing appliances and devices referred to in regulation 22(1), (2) and (8) shall be inspected by a person appointed by the master for that purpose -

(4) The following closing appliances and mechanisms are to be inspected at intervals of not more than seven days by a person appointed for that purpose either generally or on any particular occasion by the master -

    (5) Suitable notices and signs shall be provided on, or in the vicinity of, all the closing appliances referred to in paragraph (4) to indicate, as necessary, the procedures for operating the appliances, the purpose of the controls and any precautions to be observed.

Training
    25.All members of the crew who would have occasion to use any watertight doors shall be instructed in the safe operation of watertight doors. In addition written instructions on the safe operation of the doors, given in easily understood terms and illustrated wherever possible, shall be available to all members of the crew. Such instructions shall be based upon the operational instructions referred to in regulation 22(3)(a).

Entries in official log book
    26.Entries shall be made in the official log book recording the following -

PART IV
CLOSING OF OPENINGS IN ENCLOSED SUPERSTRUCTURES AND IN BULKHEADS ABOVE THE BULKHEAD DECK
Interpretation
27. - (1) In this Part the following expressions have the following meanings respectively unless the context otherwise requires -

"doors" includes bow visors and appliances described in regulation 28(1)(c);

"length" means the ship's overall length;

"loading doors" means the doors described in regulation 28(1)(a) to (d) inclusive; and

"locked" means secured by a device which prevents unauthorised operation.

(2) A door shall be deemed to be above the margin line if the sill of the opening with which it is associated is above that line.

28. - (1) Except in the cases specified in paragraphs (2) and (4) the following loading doors -

shall be closed and locked before the ship leaves its berth and shall be kept closed and locked until the ship has been secured at its next berth.

    (2) Where a bow visor or a weathertight ramp cannot be opened or closed while the ship is secured at its berth, it may so far as necessary and subject to paragraph (3) be opened or kept open while the ship approaches or draws away from its berth, as the case may be.

    (3) In no case shall a loading door be open when the ship is more than one ship's length from the cargo loading or discharging position of its berth.

    (4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to small doors intended to be used for pilot access, fuelling or other matters necessary for the operation of the ship and not intended to be used by passengers or for loading cargo.

Closure of bulkheads on the ro-ro deck
    29. - (1) All transverse or longitudinal bulkheads which are taken into account as effective to confine the seawater accumulated on the ro-ro deck shall be closed and locked before the ship leaves the berth, and shall remain locked until the ship has been secured at its next berth.

    (2) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (1), accesses through such bulkheads may be opened for a period sufficient to allow through passage, on the express authority of the master provided that this is required for the essential working of the ship.

Supervision and reporting of closure
    30. - (1) Before the ship proceeds on a voyage an officer appointed for the purpose by the master shall -

    (2) Save as permitted by regulation 28(2) the ship shall not proceed on a voyage until the report referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(b) has been received by the master or other officer in charge of the bridge.

Closure of watertight and weathertight doors in bulkheads
    31. - (1) Watertight or weathertight doors above the margin line (except doors fitted in collision bulkheads to which regulation 28 applies) which are fitted in bulkheads which are required to be watertight or weathertight as the case may be and which separate or form the boundary of cargo spaces shall be closed and locked before the ship leaves its berth and be kept closed and locked until the ship has been secured at its next berth.

    (2) Watertight and weathertight doors above the margin line fitted in the shell or in bulkheads which are required to be watertight or weathertight, other than those doors described in regulations 28(1) and 31(1), shall be kept closed whilst the ship is on any voyage except when opened on the express authority of the master.

    (3) Any watertight or weathertight door which may be opened in accordance with the exception to paragraph (2) shall be kept clear of obstructions which might prevent its rapid closure.

Watertight integrity from the bulkhead deck to spaces below
    32. - (1) In ro-ro passenger ships constructed before 1st July 1997 -

(2) In ro-ro passenger ships constructed on or after 1st July 1997 -

Opening of doors in an emergency
33.Notwithstanding the provisions of regulations 28(1) and 31(1), gangway and cargo loading doors may be opened in an emergency but only when the master considers such opening will not put the safety of the ship at risk.

Entries in official log book
34.Entries shall be made in the official log book recording the following -

Listing of loading and unloading berths
35. - (1) The owner of a ship shall ensure that the ship is provided with a list ("the Berth List") of all loading berths at which it is intended the ship shall load or discharge cargo or vehicles.

(2) The Berth List shall list separately for each port which the ship is intended to visit to load or discharge cargo or vehicles -

The berths of the type described in sub-paragraph (b) shall be listed separately from those of the type described in sub-paragraph (a).

    (3) A copy of the ship's Berth List shall be supplied to the Maritime and Coastguard Agency.

    (4) No ro-ro passenger ship shall, except in an emergency, load or discharge cargo or vehicles through a loading door at any berth which is not listed in the ship's Berth List and in the copy thereof supplied to the Maritime and Coastguard Agency.

Written instructions regarding the closure of doors above the bulkhead deck
    36. - (1) The owner of a ship shall ensure that the ship is provided with written instructions concerning the doors referred to in this Part.

    (2) Such written instructions shall be approved by the Certifying Authority.

PART V
STABILITY AND SHIPSIDE MARKINGS
Intact stability standard
    37.Every ship shall, in all probable loading conditions, satisfy the stability criteria set out in Schedule 1 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698(M).

Inclining, lightweight survey and stability information
    38. - (1) Every ship on her completion shall be inclined and the elements of her stability determined. The master shall be supplied by the owner with approved information relating to the stability of the ship in accordance with the provisions of this regulation.

    (2)

    (3) An approved report of each inclining or lightweight survey carried out in accordance with paragraph (2) and of the calculation therefrom of the lightship condition shall be placed on board for the use of the master.

    (4) Where elements of a ship's stability have been found to have changed following any inclining or lightweight survey carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (2) the master shall be supplied with amended approved stability information.

    (5) Where any alterations are made to a ship so as materially to affect the stability information supplied to the master, amended stability information shall be provided, and the ship shall be re-inclined.

Subdivision lines
    39.Every ship shall be marked on its side amidships with the subdivision load lines assigned to it in accordance with Schedule 5 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

Draughts marks
    40.Every ship shall have scales of draughts marked clearly at the bow and stern.

Automatic draught gauge system
    41. - (1) Every ship of Class II shall be provided with a reliable automatic draught gauge system.

    (2)

Recording of draught, trim and freeboard prior to departure
42. - (1) On completion of loading of the ship and before it proceeds on a voyage, the master or an officer appointed for the purpose by the master shall ascertain -

    (2) The draughts, trim and the vertical distances ascertained in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be recorded by the master or such officer as the case may be in the official log book.

Calculation of stability prior to departure
    43. - (1) On completion of the loading of the ship and prior to its departure, the master shall determine the ship's trim and stability and also ascertain and record that the ship is in compliance with stability criteria in the relevant regulations. The determination of the ship's stability shall always be made by calculation. Use of an electronic loading and stability computer or equivalent means may be accepted for this purpose.

    (2) In the case of ships of Class II or II(A) the actual weights of goods vehicles and other items of cargo required to be provided for this calculation shall be in accordance with the Merchant Shipping (Weighing of Goods Vehicles and other Cargo) Regulations 1988[29]. In the case of ships of Class I, the actual weights of goods vehicles and other items of cargo shall be used and shall be determined in accordance with those Regulations as if that ship was a ship of Class II. For items not required to be so weighed, the declared weights or weights estimated as accurately as possible shall be used.

    (3) Where the calculation is made by means of a shore-based loading and stability computer system, a print-out of the calculation shall be presented to the master before the ship proceeds on its voyage. It shall be the duty of the person responsible for that system to ensure that the calculations are substantially correct.

Stability in the damaged condition

Requirements for ships constructed before 29 April 1990
    44. - (1)

(2)

Value of A/Amax	Date of Compliance
Less than 85%	1 October 1998
85% or more but less than 90%	1 October 2000
90% or more but less than 95%	1 October 2002
95% or more but less than 97.5%	1 October 2004
97.5% or more	1 October 2005

(3)

(4)

(b) This additional information shall be included in the stability information book.

Stability in the damaged condition

Requirements for ships constructed on or after 29th April 1990
45. - (1) Subject to paragraph (2) every ship shall comply with the provisions of regulation 44 except that -

    (2) This regulation shall not apply to ships which comply with those provisions of IMO Resolution A.265(VIII) as detailed in regulation 6.

Requirements for ro-ro passenger ships which carry 400 persons or more
    46.In addition to the provisions of regulations 44 and 45, ro-ro passenger ships certificated to carry 400 persons or more shall comply with the following -

    (1) Vessels constructed on or after 1st July 1997 shall comply with section 3 of Schedule 3 of Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) with the damage deemed to occur anywhere in the ship's length.

    (2) Vessels constructed before 1st July 1997 shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (1) not later than the date of the first periodic survey following the compliance dates prescribed in sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) below, whichever occurs latest -

Value of A/Amax	Date of Compliance
less than 85%	1 October 1998
85% or more but less than 90%	1 October 2000
90% or more but less than 95%	1 October 2002
95% or more but less than 97.5%	1 October 2004
97.5% or more	1 October 2010

1,500 or more	1 October 2002
1,000 or more but less than 1,500	1 October 2006
600 or more but less than 1,000	1 October 2008
400 or more but less than 600	1 October 2010

Age of ship equal to or greater than 20 years

20 years after the construction of the ship

Exhibition of damage control plans
47.There shall be permanently exhibited in the ship, for the information of the officer in charge of the ship, plans showing clearly for each level the boundaries of the watertight compartments, the openings therein, the means of closing such openings and the position of the controls and the arrangements for the correction of any list due to flooding. In addition, booklets containing such information shall be made available by the owner for the use of the officers of the ship.

PART VI
BILGE PUMPING ARRANGEMENTS
Application
48.This Part applies to all ships; except that a ship which complies with requirements of the IMO Resolution A.265(VIII) need not comply with regulation 50 if it complies with regulation 19(b)(i) and (ii) of that Resolution.

General
49. - (1)

(a) according to the calculations made in accordance with the conditions set out in Schedule 3 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) the safety of the ship will not be impaired; and

(b) that the provision of drainage would otherwise be undesirable.

    (2) Sanitary, ballast and general service pumps having a capacity in accordance with paragraph 4(3) of Schedule 6 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M) may be accepted as independent power pumps if fitted with the necessary connections to the bilge pump systems.

    (3) All tanks forming part of the structure of the ship and all watertight compartments, not being part of the machinery space, shall be provided with efficient sounding arrangements which shall be protected where necessary against damage.

Number and type of bilge pumps
    50.Every ship shall be provided with power pumps connected to the bilge main in accordance with the appropriate tables set out in Schedule 6 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

Requirements for bilge pumps and bilge sections
    51.Bilge pumps and bilge piping provided in any ship to meet the requirements of these Regulations shall meet the conditions and specifications set out in Schedule 6 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

PART VII
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS
Application
    52.Unless otherwise stated this Part applies to ships constructed on or after 25th May 1980, and regulations 53(1) and (3)(b), 54, 57, 58(1) and (2), 59(1), (2), (3), (4), (8), (9) and (10), 60 and 61 shall apply to ships constructed before 25th May 1980.

General
    53. - (1) In every ship the electrical equipment and installations (including any electrical means of propulsion) shall be such that the ship and all persons on board are protected against electrical hazards.

    (2)

(3) The electrical equipment and installations in every ship shall be such that -

Main source of electrical power and main switchboards
54. - (1) In every ship a main source of electrical power shall be provided of sufficient capacity to supply all the services referred to in regulation 53(3). The main source of electrical power shall consist of at least two generating sets of such power, that services essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship can be operated when any one of the sets is out of service.

(2)

Additional requirements for ships constructed on or after 1st September 1984
(3) The arrangement of the generating sets required by paragraph (1) shall be such that the services required by regulation 53(3) can be maintained regardless of the speed and direction of rotation of the propulsion machinery or shafting, and that with any one of the sets out of service -

(4)

    (5) Any transforming equipment supplying an electrical system referred to in this regulation shall be arranged to ensure the same continuity of supply as that required for generating sets by this regulation.

    (6) The main busbars shall be sub-divided in every ship which has a total installed electrical power of the main generating sets in excess of 3 megawatts. Each section of the busbars shall be interconnected by removable links or other suitable means such that the main generating sets and any supplies to duplicated services which are directly connected to the busbars are, so far as is practicable, equally divided between the sections. Other arrangements may be permitted if it can be shown that they can provide equivalent system redundancy.

Lighting systems

Requirements for ships constructed on or after 1st September 1984
    55. - (1) The main source of electrical power shall be capable of illuminating any part of the ship normally accessible to and used by the passengers or the crew.

    (2) Emergency electrical lighting provided in accordance with these Regulations shall be arranged so that a fire or other casualty in spaces containing the emergency source of electrical power, the associated transforming equipment, if any, the emergency switchboard and the emergency lighting switchboard will not render inoperative the main electrical lighting system required by paragraph (1).

    (3) Lighting fittings shall be arranged to prevent rises in temperature which would be injurious to the fitting or the electric wiring or which would result in a risk of fire.

Emergency and transitional sources of electrical power
    56. - (1) In every ship, there shall be provided a self-contained emergency source of electrical power which shall be so designed and arranged that it will operate at full rated power when the ship is listed 22.5 degrees and when the trim of the ship is 10 degrees from an even keel or any combination of heel and trim within these limits.

    (2) The emergency and transitional sources of electrical power and the associated equipment shall be in accordance with the conditions and specifications set out in Schedule 7 in Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1698 (M).

Distribution systems
    57.In every ship, distribution systems shall be so arranged that a fire in any main fire zone will not interfere with essential services in any other main fire zone. Main and emergency feeders passing through any main fire zone shall be separated as widely as is practicable both horizontally and vertically.

Location and construction of electric cable
    58. - (1) All electric cables external to equipment shall be flame retardant and shall be installed so that their flame retarding or equivalent properties are not impaired. Installation of cables which do not comply with the foregoing for particular purposes, such as radio frequency cables, may be permitted if it can be shown that compliance would be impracticable.

    (2) Cables shall be installed and supported in such a manner as to avoid chafing and other damage. All metal sheaths and metal armour of cables shall be electrically continuous and shall be earthed except that such earthing may be omitted for particular purposes.

    (3) Cables serving emergency services shall not so far as is practicable be routed through galleys, laundries, machinery spaces of Category A and their casings or other high risk areas except insofar as it is necessary to provide emergency services in such areas. Cables connecting fire pumps to the emergency switchboard shall be of a fire resistant type where they pass through high fire risk areas.

    (4) Cabling for emergency alarms and public address systems fitted in ro-ro passenger ships on or after 1st July 1998 shall be approved by a Certifying Authority.

    (5) Cables serving emergency services shall where practicable be installed in such a manner as to preclude them being rendered unserviceable by the effect of a fire in an adjacent space and subsequent heating of the dividing bulkhead.

    (6) The electrical, mechanical, flame retarding and, where applicable, fire resisting properties of the terminations and joints in any conductor shall be at least equivalent to those of the conductor.

General precautions against shock, fire and other hazards
    59. - (1) All electrical equipment shall be so constructed and installed that there will be no danger or injury to any person handling it in a proper manner. Exposed metal parts of electrical equipment which are not intended to have a voltage above that of earth, but which may have such a voltage under fault conditions, shall be earthed unless such equipment is -

    (2) All electrical apparatus shall be constructed and installed so that it will not cause injury when handled or touched in the normal manner. In particular when electrical lamps, welding equipment, tools or other apparatus are used in confined or damp spaces or spaces with large exposed conductive surfaces, special provision shall be made so far as is practicable, to ensure that the danger of electric shock is reduced to a minimum. Such spaces shall at least include open decks and machinery spaces.

    (3) Every main and emergency switchboard shall be so arranged as to give easy access for operation and sufficient access for maintenance without danger to any person. Every such switchboard shall be suitably guarded and a non-conducting mat or grating shall be provided at the back and front where necessary. No exposed parts which may have a voltage between conductors or to earth exceeding 250 volts direct current or 50 volts RMS ac shall be installed on the face of any switchboard or control panel.

    (4) The hull return system shall not be used in any such ship for the power, heat and light distribution systems thereof.

    (5) The final sub-circuits of any hull return system of distribution shall be two wire.

    (6) The requirements of paragraphs (4) and (5) do not preclude the use of -

    (7) The insulation of any distribution system that is not earthed shall be continuously monitored by a system capable of giving audible and visual indication of abnormally low insulation values.

    (8) For ships constructed on or after 1st October 1994, [the requirement of] paragraph (4) does not preclude the use of limited and locally earthed systems, provided that any possible resulting current does not flow directly through any dangerous spaces.

    (9) Every separate electrical circuit shall be protected against short circuits.

    (10) Each separate electrical circuit, other than a circuit which operates the ship's steering gear shall, unless it is permitted otherwise, be protected against overload. There shall be clearly and permanently indicated on or near each overload protective device the current carrying capacity of the circuit which it protects and the rating or setting of the device.

    (11) All lighting and power circuits terminating in a cargo space shall be provided with a multiple pole switch outside the space for disconnecting all such circuits.

    (12) Accumulator batteries shall be housed in boxes or compartments which are constructed to protect the batteries from damage and are so ventilated as to minimise the accumulation of explosive gas. Subject to regulation 60(1), electrical or other equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of flammable vapours shall not be installed in any compartment assigned to accumulator batteries. Accumulator batteries shall not be installed in sleeping accommodation spaces.

    (13) Every electrical space-heater forming part of the equipment of a ship shall be fixed in position and shall be so constructed as to reduce the risk of fire to a minimum. No such heater shall be constructed with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or other material can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element.

Additional requirements for ships constructed on or after 1st September 1984
    (14) The insulation of any distribution system that is not earthed shall be continuously monitored by a system capable of giving audible and visual indication of abnormally low insulation values.

Electrical equipment in hazardous areas and spaces
    60. - (1) Electrical equipment shall not be installed in any hazardous area unless such equipment is -

Additional requirements for ships constructed on or after 1st September 1984
(2) Cables passing through any hazardous areas or serving electrical equipment in such areas shall -

    (3) In special category spaces the electrical equipment shall be certified for use in explosive petrol and air mixtures and the cables shall be appropriate for use in such mixtures; except that in such spaces above the bulkhead deck, electrical equipment that is enclosed and protected to prevent discharge of sparks may be used if installed more than 450 millimetres above any deck on which vapours may accumulate.

    (4) In cargo spaces, other than special category spaces, intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their propulsion the electrical equipment shall be certified for use in explosive petrol and air mixtures and the cables shall be appropriate for use in such mixtures.

    (5) In any ventilation trunk connected to any enclosed space for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their propulsion, including a special category space, electrical equipment shall be certified for use in explosive petrol and air mixtures and the cables shall be appropriate for use in such mixtures.

    (6)

Spare parts and tools
61.Every ship shall be provided with an adequate quantity of replacements for those parts of the ship's electrical equipment and installations which, having regard to the intended service of the ship, it would be essential for the safety of the ship and of persons on board to replace in the event of failure while the ship is at sea, together with such tools as are necessary for the fitting of these replacements.

PART VIII
BOILERS AND MACHINERY
General
    62. - (1) In every ship the machinery, boilers and other pressure vessels, associated piping systems and fittings shall be of a design and construction adequate for the service for which they are intended and shall be so installed and protected as to reduce to a minimum any danger to persons on board, due regard being paid to moving parts, hot surfaces and other hazards. The design shall have regard to the materials used in construction including design standards, material specifications, and certification etc, the purpose for which the equipment is intended, the working conditions to which it will be subjected and the environmental conditions on board.

    (2) Where the arrangements of the main propulsion machinery are unconventional and without a known history of satisfactory service the Secretary of State may require a separate source of propulsion power to be provided sufficient to give the ship a navigable speed.

    (3) The main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion and overall safety of the ship shall be provided with effective means of control. In addition, suitable means shall be provided to ensure that machinery can be brought into operation from dead ship conditions.

    (4) Where risk from over-speeding of machinery would otherwise exist, two independent means of control shall be provided to ensure that the safe speed is not exceeded; provided that where the Secreary of State considers it is safe to do so, a single means of