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Income Tax Act 2007 (c. 3)
(The document as of February, 2008)
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Income Tax Act 2007
2007 CHAPTER 3
CONTENTS
Content
Part 1
Overview 1. Overview of Income Tax Acts 2. Overview of Act
Part 2
Basic provisions Chapter 1
Charges to income tax 3. Overview of charges to income tax 4. Income tax an annual tax 5. Income tax and companies
Chapter 2
Rates at which income tax is charged The rates 6. The starting rate, basic rate and higher rate 7. The savings rate 8. The dividend ordinary rate and dividend upper rate 9. The trust rate and dividend trust rate
Income charged at particular rates 10. Income charged at the starting, basic and higher rates: individuals 11. Income charged at the basic rate: other persons 12. Income charged at the savings rate 13. Income charged at the dividend ordinary and dividend upper rates: individuals 14. Income charged at the dividend ordinary rate: other persons 15. Income charged at the trust rate and the dividend trust rate 16. Savings and dividend income to be treated as highest part of total income 17. Repayment: tax paid at basic rate instead of starting or savings rate 18. Meaning of "savings income" 19. Meaning of "dividend income"
Starting rate limit and basic rate limit 20. The starting rate limit and the basic rate limit 21. Indexation of the starting rate limit and the basic rate limit
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Chapter 3
Calculation of income tax liability 22. Overview of Chapter 23. The calculation of income tax liability 24. Reliefs deductible at Step 2 25. Reliefs and allowances deductible at Steps 2 and 3: supplementary 26. Tax reductions 27. Order of deducting tax reductions: individuals 28. Order of deducting tax reductions: other persons 29. Tax reductions: supplementary 30. Additional tax 31. Total income: supplementary 32. Liability not dealt with in the calculation
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Part 3
Personal reliefs Chapter 1
Introduction 33. Overview of Part
Chapter 2
Personal allowance and blind person's allowance Introduction 34. Allowances under Chapter
Personal allowances 35. Personal allowance for those aged under 65 36. Personal allowance for those aged 65 to 74 37. Personal allowance for those aged 75 and over
Blind person's allowance 38. Blind person's allowance 39. Transfer of part of blind person's allowance to a spouse or civil partner 40. Election for transfer of allowance under section 39
Supplementary 41. Allowances in year of death
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Chapter 3
Tax reductions for married couples and civil partners Introduction 42. Tax reductions under Chapter 43. Meaning of "the minimum amount" 44. Election for new rules to apply
Married couple's allowance 45. Marriages before 5 December 2005 46. Marriages and civil partnerships on or after 5 December 2005
Elections to transfer relief 47. Election by individual to transfer relief under section 45 or 46 48. Joint election to transfer relief under section 45 or 46 49. Election for partial transfer back of relief 50. Procedure for making and withdrawing elections under sections 47 to 49
Transfer of unused relief 51. Transfer of unused relief 52. Transfer back of unused relief 53. Transfer of unused relief: general
Supplementary 54. Tax reductions in the year of marriage or entry into civil partnership 55. Sections 45 to 53: supplementary
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Chapter 4
General 56. Residence etc of claimants 57. Indexation of allowances 58. Meaning of "adjusted net income"
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Part 4
Loss relief Chapter 1
Introduction 59. Overview of Part
Chapter 2
Trade losses Introduction 60. Overview of Chapter 61. Non-partners: losses of a tax year 62. Partners: losses of a tax year etc 63. Prohibition against double counting
Trade loss relief against general income 64. Deduction of losses from general income 65. How relief works
Restriction on relief for uncommercial trades 66. Restriction on relief unless trade is commercial
Restriction on relief for "hobby" farming or market gardening 67. Restriction on relief in case of farming or market gardening 68. Reasonable expectation of profit 69. Whether trade is the same trade 70. Determining losses in previous tax years
Use of trading loss as CGT loss 71. Treating trade losses as CGT losses
Early trade losses relief 72. Relief for individuals for losses in first 4 years of trade 73. How relief works 74. Restrictions on relief unless trade is commercial etc
Restrictions on sideways relief for certain capital allowances 75. Trade leasing allowances given to individuals 76. First-year allowances: introduction 77. First-year allowances: partnerships with companies 78. First-year allowances: arrangements to reduce tax liabilities 79. Capital allowances restrictions: supplementary
Restriction on sideways relief for specific trades 80. Ring fence income 81. Dealings in commodity futures 82. Exploitation of films
Carry-forward trade loss relief 83. Carry forward against subsequent trade profits 84. How relief works 85. Use of trade-related interest and dividends if trade profits insufficient 86. Trade transferred to a company 87. Ring fence trades 88. Carry forward of certain interest as loss
Terminal trade loss relief 89. Carry back of losses on
title="Meaning of "qualifying event" etc">98. Meaning of "qualifying event" etc 99. Reduction of relief for unpaid trade expenses 100. Prohibition against double counting 101. Treating excess post-cessation trade relief as CGT loss
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Chapter 3
Restrictions on trade loss relief for certain partners Introduction 102. Overview of Chapter 103. Meaning of "sideways relief", "capital gains relief" and "firm"
Limited partners 104. Restriction on reliefs for limited partners 105. Meaning of "contribution to the firm" 106. Meaning of "limited partner"
Members of LLPs 107. Restriction on reliefs for members of LLPs 108. Meaning of "contribution to the LLP" 109. Unrelieved losses brought forward
Non-active members of LLPs or other partnerships (apart from limited partnerships) 110. Restriction on reliefs for non-active partners in early tax years 111. Meaning of "contribution to the firm" 112. Meaning of "non-active partner" and "early tax year" etc 113. Unrelieved losses brought forward
Regulations 114. Exclusion of amounts in calculating contribution to the firm or LLP
Restrictions for film trades carried on in partnership 115. Restrictions on reliefs for firms exploiting films 116. Exclusion from restrictions under section 115: certain film expenditure
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Chapter 4
Losses from property businesses Introduction 117. Overview of Chapter
Carry-forward property loss relief 118. Carry forward against subsequent property business profits 119. How relief works
Property loss relief against general income 120. Deduction of property losses from general income 121. How relief works 122. Meaning of "the applicable amount of the loss" 123. Meaning of "the loss has a capital allowances connection" and "the business has a relevant agricultural connection" 124. Supplementary
Post-cessation property relief 125. Post-cessation property relief 126. Treating excess post-cessation property relief as CGT loss
Furnished holiday accommodation 127. UK furnished holiday lettings business treated as trade
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Chapter 5
Losses in an employment or office 128. Employment loss relief against general income 129. How relief works 130. Treating loss in employment or office as CGT loss
Chapter 6
Losses on disposal of shares Share loss relief against general income 131. Share loss relief 132. Entitlement to claim 133. How relief works
Shares to which EIS relief is not attributable 134. Qualifying trading companies 135. Subscriptions for shares 136. Disposals of new shares
Qualifying trading companies: the requirements 137. The trading requirement 138. Ceasing to meet trading requirement because of administration or receivership 139. The control and independence requirement 140. The qualifying subsidiaries requirement 141. The property managing subsidiaries requirement 142. The gross assets requirement 143. The unquoted status requirement 144. Power to amend requirements by Treasury order
Qualifying trading companies: supplementary 145. Relief after an exchange of shares for shares in another company 146. Substitution of new shares for old shares
Limits on share loss relief and mixed holdings 147. Limits on share loss relief 148. Disposal of shares forming part of mixed holding 149. Section 148: supplementary
Miscellaneous and supplementary 150. Deemed time of issue for certain shares 151. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 7
Losses from miscellaneous transactions Loss relief against miscellaneous income 152. Losses from miscellaneous transactions 153. How relief works
Deposit rights 154. Transactions in deposit rights
Supplementary 155. Time limit for claiming relief
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Part 5
Enterprise investment scheme Chapter 1
Introduction EIS relief 156. Meaning of "EIS relief" and commencement 157. Eligibility for EIS relief 158. Form and amount of EIS relief
Miscellaneous 159. Periods A, B and C 160. Overview of other Chapters of Part 161. Other tax reliefs relating to EIS
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Chapter 2
The investor Introduction 162. Overview of Chapter
The requirements 163. The no connection with the issuing company requirement 164. The no linked loans requirement 165. The no tax avoidance requirement
Meaning of connection with issuing company 166. Connection with issuing company 167. Employees, directors and partners 168. Directors excluded from connection 169. Directors qualifying for relief despite connection 170. Persons interested in capital etc of company 171. Persons subscribing for shares under certain arrangements
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Chapter 3
General requirements Introduction 172. Overview of Chapter
The requirements 173. The shares requirement 174. The purpose of the issue requirement 175. The use of the money raised requirement 176. The minimum period requirement 177. The no pre-arranged exits requirement 178. The no tax avoidance requirement
Meaning of "qualifying business activity" 179. Meaning of "qualifying business activity"
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Chapter 4
The issuing company Introduction 180. Overview of Chapter
The requirements 181. The trading requirement 182. Ceasing to meet trading requirement because of administration or receivership 183. The issuing company to carry on the qualifying business activity requirement 184. The unquoted status requirement 185. The control and independence requirement 186. The gross assets requirement 187. The qualifying subsidiaries requirement 188. The property managing subsidiaries requirement
Definitions 189. Meaning of "qualifying trade" 190. Meaning of "qualifying 90% subsidiary" 191. Meaning of "qualifying subsidiary"
Excluded activities 192. Meaning of "excluded activities" 193. Excluded activities: wholesale and retail distribution 194. Excluded activities: leasing of ships 195. Excluded activities: receipt of royalties and licence fees 196. Excluded activities: property development 197. Excluded activities: hotels and comparable establishments 198. Excluded activities: nursing homes and residential care homes 199. Excluded activities: provision of services or facilities for another business
Supplementary 200. Power to amend by Treasury order
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Chapter 5
Attribution of and claims for EIS relief Attribution 201. Attribution of EIS relief to shares
Claims: general 202. Time for making claims for EIS relief 203. Entitlement to claim
Claims: supporting documents 204. Compliance certificates 205. Compliance statements 206. Appeal against refusal to authorise compliance certificate 207. Penalties for fraudulent certificate or statement etc
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Chapter 6
Withdrawal or reduction of EIS relief Introduction 208. Overview of Chapter
Disposals 209. Disposal of shares 210. Cases where maximum EIS relief not obtained 211. Call options 212. Put options
Value received by investor 213. Value received by the investor 214. Value received: receipts of insignificant value 215. Meaning of "receipts of insignificant value" 216. When value is received 217. The amount of value received 218. Value received where there is more than one issue of shares 219. Value received where part of share issue treated as made in previous tax year 220. Cases where maximum EIS relief not obtained 221. Receipts of value by and from connected persons etc 222. Receipt of replacement value 223. Section 222: supplementary
Repayments etc of share capital to other persons 224. Repayments etc of share capital to other persons 225. Insignificant repayments ignored for purposes of section 224 226. Amount of repayments etc where there is more than one issue of shares 227. Single issue affecting more than one individual 228. Single issue treated as made partly in previous tax year 229. Maximum relief not obtained for share issue 230. Repayment of authorised minimum within 12 months 231. Restriction on withdrawal of relief under section 224
Miscellaneous 232. Acquisition of a trade or trading assets 233. Acquisition of share capital 234. Relief subsequently found not to have been due
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Chapter 7
Withdrawal or reduction of EIS relief: procedure Assessments and appeals 235. Assessments for the withdrawal or reduction of EIS relief 236. Appeals against section 234(3)(b) notices 237. Time limits for assessments 238. Cases where assessment not to be made
Interest 239. Date from which interest is chargeable
Information 240. Information to be provided by the investor 241. Information to be provided by the issuing company etc 242. Power to require information where section 240 or 241 applies or could have applied 243. Power to require information in other cases 244. Obligations of secrecy
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Chapter 8
Supplementary and general Disposals of shares 245. Transfers between spouses or civil partners 246. Identification of shares on a disposal
Acquisition of issuing company 247. Continuity of EIS relief where issuing company is acquired by new company 248. Carry over of obligations etc where EIS relief attributed to new shares 249. Substitution of new shares for old shares
Nominees etc 250. Nominees and bare trustees 251. Approved investment fund as nominee
Interpretation 252. Meaning of a company being "in administration" or "in receivership" 253. Meaning of "associate" 254. Meaning of "disposal of shares" 255. Meaning of "issue of shares" 256. Meaning of "the termination date" 257. Minor definitions etc
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Part 6
Venture capital trusts Chapter 1
Introduction 258. Overview of Part 259. Venture capital trusts and VCT approvals 260. Other tax reliefs relating to VCTs
Chapter 2
VCT relief Entitlement to relief 261. Eligibility for relief 262. Entitlement to claim relief 263. Form and amount of relief 264. No entitlement to relief if there is a linked loan 265. No entitlement to relief which would have been lost if it had already been obtained
Loss of relief 266. Loss of relief if shares disposed of within 5 years 267. Transfers of shares between spouses or civil partners 268. Loss of relief if VCT approval withdrawn 269. Loss of relief which is subsequently found not to have been due 270. Assessment on withdrawal or reduction of relief
Supplementary 271. Provision of information 272. Regulations as to procedure etc 273. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 3
VCT approvals Giving of approval 274. Requirements for the giving of approval 275. Alternative requirements for the giving of approval 276. Conditions relating to income 277. The 15% holding limit condition 278. Conditions relating to value of investments: general 279. Conditions relating to value of investments: qualifying holdings 280. Conditions relating to qualifying holdings and eligible shares
Withdrawal of approval 281. Withdrawal of VCT approval of a company 282. Withdrawal of VCT approval in cases for which provision made under section 280(3)
Supplementary 283. Time as from which VCT approval has effect 284. Power to make regulations as to procedure 285. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 4
Qualifying holdings Introduction 286. Qualifying holdings: introduction
The requirements 287. The maximum qualifying investment requirement 288. The no guaranteed loan requirement 289. The proportion of eligible shares requirement 290. The trading requirement 291. The carrying on of a qualifying activity requirement 292. Ceasing to meet requirements because of administration or receivership 293. The use of the money raised requirement 294. The relevant company to carry on the relevant qualifying activity requirement 295. The unquoted status requirement 296. The control and independence requirement 297. The gross assets requirement 298. The qualifying subsidiaries requirement 299. The property managing subsidiaries requirement
Definitions 300. Meaning of "qualifying trade" 301. Meaning of "qualifying 90% subsidiary" 302. Meaning of "qualifying subsidiary"
Excluded activities 303. Meaning of "excluded activities" 304. Excluded activities: wholesale and retail distribution 305. Excluded activities: leasing of ships 306. Excluded activities: receipt of royalties and licence fees 307. Excluded activities: property development 308. Excluded activities: hotels and comparable establishments 309. Excluded activities: nursing homes and residential care homes 310. Excluded activities: provision of services or facilities for another business
Supplementary 311. Power to amend Chapter 312. Winding up of the relevant company 313. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 5
Powers: winding up and mergers of VCTs Winding up 314. Power to treat VCT-in-liquidation as VCT 315. Power to treat conditions for VCT approval as met with respect to VCT-in-liquidation 316. Power to make provision about distributions by VCT-in-liquidation 317. Power to facilitate disposal to VCT by VCT-in-liquidation 318. Power in respect of periods before and after winding up 319. Sections 314 to 318: supplementary 320. Meaning of "VCT-in-liquidation"
Mergers 321. Power to facilitate mergers of VCTs 322. Provision that may be made by regulations under section 321 323. Meaning of "merger" and "successor company"
Supplementary 324. Regulations under Chapter 325. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 6
Supplementary and general Acquisitions for restructuring purposes 326. Restructuring to which section 327 applies 327. Certain requirements of Chapter 4 to be treated as met 328. Supplementary
Conversion of shares etc and company reorganisations 329. Conversion of convertible shares and securities 330. Power to facilitate company reorganisations etc involving exchange of shares
Supplementary 331. Meaning of a company being "in administration" or "in receivership" 332. Minor definitions etc
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Part 7
Community investment tax relief Chapter 1
Introduction CITR 333. Meaning of "CITR" 334. Eligibility for CITR 335. Form and amount of CITR
Miscellaneous 336. Meaning of "making an investment" 337. Determination of "the invested amount" 338. Meaning of "the 5 year period" and "the investment date" 339. Overview of other Chapters of Part
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Chapter 2
Accredited community development finance institutions 340. Application and criteria for accreditation 341. Terms and conditions of accreditation 342. Period of accreditation 343. Delegation of Secretary of State's functions
Chapter 3
Qualifying investments 344. Qualifying investments: introduction 345. Conditions to be met in relation to loans 346. Conditions to be met in relation to securities 347. Conditions to be met in relation to shares 348. Tax relief certificates 349. No pre-arranged protection against risks
Chapter 4
General conditions 350. No control of CDFI by investor 351. Investor must have beneficial ownership 352. No acquisition of share in partnership 353. No tax avoidance purpose
Chapter 5
Claims for and attribution of CITR Claims 354. Loans: no claim after disposal or excessive repayments or receipts of value 355. Securities or shares: no claim after disposal or excessive receipts of value 356. No claim after loss of accreditation by the CDFI
Attribution 357. Attribution: general 358. Attribution: bonus shares
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Chapter 6
Withdrawal or reduction of CITR Introduction 359. Overview of Chapter
Disposals 360. Disposal of loan during 5 year period 361. Disposal of securities or shares during 5 year period
Repayment of loans 362. Repayment of loan capital during 5 year period
Receipts of value 363. Value received by investor during 6 year period: loans 364. Value received by investor during 6 year period: securities or shares 365. Receipts of insignificant value to be added together 366. When value is received 367. The amount of value received 368. Value received if there is more than one investment 369. Effect of receipt of value on future claims for CITR 370. Receipts of value by or from connected persons
CITR not due 371. CITR subsequently found not to have been due
Manner of withdrawal or reduction 372. Manner of withdrawal or reduction of CITR
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Chapter 7
Supplementary and general Miscellaneous 373. Information to be provided by the investor 374. Disclosure 375. Nominees 376. Application for postponement of tax pending appeal 377. Identification of securities or shares on a disposal
Definitions 378. Meaning of "issue of securities or shares" 379. Meaning of "disposal" 380. Construction of references to being "held continuously" 381. Meaning of "associate" 382. Minor definitions etc
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Part 8
Other reliefs Chapter 1
Interest payments The relief: introduction 383. Relief for interest payments 384. General restrictions on relief under Chapter 385. General provisions about loans 386. Loans partly meeting requirements 387. Exclusion of double relief etc
Loans for plant or machinery 388. Loan to buy plant or machinery for partnership use 389. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 388 390. Loan to buy plant or machinery for employment use 391. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 390
Loans for interests in close companies 392. Loan to buy interest in close company 393. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 392 394. Meaning of "material interest" in section 393 395. Meaning of "associate" in section 394
Loans for interests in employee-controlled companies 396. Loan to buy interest in employee-controlled company 397. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 396
Loans for investing in partnerships 398. Loan to invest in partnership 399. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 398 400. Film partnerships
Loans for investing in co-operatives 401. Loan to invest in co-operative 402. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 401
Loans for paying inheritance tax 403. Loan to pay inheritance tax 404. Eligibility requirements for interest on loans within section 403 405. Carry back and forward of relief for interest on loans within section 403
General and supplementary 406. Effect of recovery of capital in the case of some loans 407. Events counting as recovery of capital for section 406 408. Replacement loans 409. Business successions between partnerships Chapter 2
Gift aid The relief 413. Overview of Chapter 414. Relief for gifts to charity 415. Meaning of "grossed up amount" 416. Meaning of "qualifying donation" 417. Meaning of "benefits associated with a gift"
Restrictions on associated benefits 418. Restrictions on associated benefits 419. Gifts and benefits linked to periods of less than 12 months
Admission rights 420. Disregard of certain admission rights 421. Admission rights: supplementary
Disqualified overseas gifts 422. Disqualified overseas gifts
Measures to ensure donor's liability not less than tax treated as deducted 423. Restriction of certain reliefs 424. Charge to tax 425. Total amount of income tax to which individual charged for a tax year
Election to carry back relief 426. Election by donor: gift treated as made in previous tax year
Supplementary 427. Meaning of "charged amount" 428. Meaning of "gift aid declaration" 429. Giving through self-assessment return 430. "Charity" to include exempt bodies
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Chapter 3
Gifts of shares, securities and real property to charities etc Entitlement to relief 431. Relief for gifts of shares, securities and real property to charities etc 432. Meaning of "qualifying investment" 433. Meaning of "qualifying interest in land"
Amount of relief 434. The relievable amount 435. Incidental costs of making disposal 436. Consideration
Value of net benefit to charity 437. Value of net benefit to charity 438. Market value of qualifying investments 439. Meaning of "disposal-related obligation" 440. Meaning and amount of "disposal-related liability"
Special provisions about qualifying interests in land 441. Certificate required from charity 442. Qualifying interests in land held jointly 443. Calculation of relievable amount where joint disposal of interest in land 444. Disqualifying events
Supplementary 445. Prohibition against double relief 446. "Charity" to include exempt bodies
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Chapter 4
Annual payments and patent royalties 447. Overview of Chapter 448. Relief for individuals 449. Relief for other persons 450. Other persons: payments ineligible for relief 451. Special rule for persons affected by section 733 of ICTA 452. The gross amount of a payment
Chapter 5
Qualifying maintenance payments 453. Tax reduction for qualifying maintenance payments 454. Meaning of "qualifying maintenance payment" 455. Child support maintenance payments 456. Payments under orders for recovery of benefit etc
Chapter 6
Miscellaneous other reliefs Payments for life insurance etc 457. Payments to trade unions 458. Payments to police organisations 459. Payments for benefit of family members 460. Residence etc of claimants
Patent royalty receipts 461. Spreading of patent royalty receipts
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Part 9
Special rules about settlements and trustees Chapter 1
Introduction 462. Overview of Part 463. Interpretation of Part 464. Scottish trusts
Chapter 2
General provision about settlements and trustees Overview 465. Overview of Chapter and interpretation
Settled property 466. Meaning of "settled property" etc
Settlors 467. Meaning of "settlor" etc 468. Meaning of "disposable property" 469. Person ceasing to be a settlor 470. Transfers between settlements 471. Identification of settlor following transfer covered by section 470 472. Settlor where property becomes settled because of variation of will etc 473. Deceased person as settlor where variation of will etc
Trustees 474. Trustees of settlement to be treated as a single and distinct person 475. Residence of trustees 476. How to work out whether settlor meets condition C
Sub-funds 477. Sub-fund elections under Schedule 4ZA to TCGA 1992
Regulations 478. References to settled property etc in regulations
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Chapter 3
Special rates for trustees' income 479. Trustees' accumulated or discretionary income to be charged at special rates 480. Meaning of "accumulated or discretionary income" 481. Other amounts to be charged at special rates for trustees 482. Types of amount to be charged at special rates for trustees 483. Sums paid by personal representatives to trustees
Chapter 4
Trustees' expenses and special rates for trustees 484. Trustees' expenses to be set against trustees' trust rate income 485. Carry forward of unused expenses 486. How allowable expenses are to be set against trust rate income 487. Non-UK resident trustees
Chapter 5
Share incentive plans 488. Application of section 479 to trustees of approved share incentive plans 489. "The applicable period" in relation to shares 490. Interpretation of Chapter
Chapter 6
Trustees' first slice of trust rate income 491. Special rates not to apply to first slice of trustees' trust rate income 492. Cases where settlor has made more than one settlement
Chapter 7
Discretionary payments 493. Discretionary payments by trustees 494. Grossing up of discretionary payment and payment of income tax 495. Statement about deduction of income tax 496. Income tax charged on trustees 497. Calculation of trustees' tax pool 498. Types of income tax for the purposes of section 497
Chapter 8
Trustees' expenses and beneficiary's income 499. Application of Chapter 500. Restrictions on use of trustees' expenses to reduce the beneficiary's income 501. Non-UK resident beneficiaries 502. Meaning of "untaxed income" in section 501 503. How beneficiary's income is reduced
Chapter 9
Unauthorised unit trusts 504. Treatment of income of unauthorised unit trust 505. Relief for trustees of unauthorised unit trust 506. Special rules for trustees affected by section 733 of ICTA
Chapter 10
Heritage maintenance settlements Introduction 507. Overview of Chapter
Trustees' election in respect of income etc 508. Election by trustees 509. Change of circumstances during a tax year
Absence of election and income treated as income of settlor: special rules 510. Sums applied for property maintenance purposes 511. Prevention of double taxation: reimbursement of settlor
Application of property for non-heritage purposes: charge to tax 512. Charge to tax on some settlements 513. Income charged 514. Persons liable 515. Rate of tax 516. Transfer of property between settlements 517. Exemption for income treated as income of settlor
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Part 10
Special rules about charitable trusts etc Introduction 518. Overview of Part 519. Meaning of "charitable trust"
Gifts and other payments 520. Gifts entitling donor to gift aid relief: income tax treated as paid 521. Gifts entitling donor to gift aid relief: income tax liability and exemption 522. Gifts of money from companies: income tax liability and exemption 523. Payments from other charities: income tax liability and exemption
Other exemptions 524. Exemption for profits etc of charitable trades 525. Meaning of "charitable trade" 526. Exemption for profits etc of small-scale trades 527. Exemption from charges under provisions to which section 1016 applies 528. Condition as to trading and miscellaneous incoming resources 529. Exemption for profits from fund-raising events 530. Exemption for profits from lotteries 531. Exemption for property income etc 532. Exemption for savings and investment income 533. Exemption for public revenue dividends 534. Exemption for transactions in deposits 535. Exemption for offshore income gains 536. Exemption for certain miscellaneous income 537. Exemption for income from estates in administration
Claims 538. Requirement to make claim
Restrictions on exemptions 539. Restrictions on exemptions 540. The non-exempt amount 541. Attributing income to the non-exempt amount 542. How income is attributed to the non-exempt amount
Non-charitable expenditure 543. Meaning of "non-charitable expenditure" 544. Section 543: supplementary 545. Section 543(1)(f): meaning of expenditure 546. Section 543(1)(f): tax year in which certain expenditure treated as incurred 555. Donors: exceptions 556. Connected charities 557. Substantial donor transactions: supplementary
Approved charitable investments and loans 558. Approved charitable investments 559. Securities which are approved charitable investments 560. Conditions to be met for some securities 561. Approved charitable loans
Carry back of excess non-charitable expenditure 562. Excess expenditure treated as non-charitable expenditure of earlier years 563. Rules for attributing excess expenditure to earlier years 564. Adjustments in consequence of section 562
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Part 11
Manufactured payments and repos Chapter 1
Introduction 565. Overview of Part 566. Meaning of "UK shares" and "UK securities" 567. Meaning of "overseas securities" and "overseas dividend" 568. Meaning of "stock lending arrangement" 569. Meaning of "repo" 570. Meaning of "buying back" securities etc 571. Meaning of "related" agreements
Chapter 2
Manufactured payments Introduction 572. Overview of Chapter
Manufactured dividends on UK shares 573. Manufactured dividends on UK shares 574. Allowable deductions: matching 575. Allowable deductions: restriction on double-counting 576. Manufactured dividends on UK shares: Real Estate Investment Trusts 577. Statements about manufactured dividends
Manufactured interest on UK securities 578. Manufactured interest on UK securities 579. Allowable deductions: matching 580. Allowable deductions: restriction on double counting
Manufactured overseas dividends 581. Manufactured overseas dividends 582. Powers about manufactured overseas dividends
Special cases 583. Manufactured payments exceeding underlying payments 584. Manufactured payments less than underlying payments 585. Power to deal with other special cases
General regulation-making powers 586. Powers about administrative provisions 587. Power for manufactured payments to be eligible for relief 588. Regulation-making powers: general
Interpretation 589. Meaning of "gross amount": interest and manufactured overseas dividends 590. Meaning of "relevant withholding tax" 591. Interpretation of other terms used in Chapter
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Chapter 3
Tax credits: stock lending arrangements and repos Stock lending arrangements 592. No tax credits for borrower under stock lending arrangement
Repos 593. No tax credits for interim holder under repo 594. No tax credits for original owner under repo
Interpretation 595. Meaning of "manufactured dividend"
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Chapter 4
Deemed manufactured payments Stock lending arrangements 596. Deemed manufactured payments: stock lending arrangements 597. Deemed interest: cash collateral under stock lending arrangements 598. Cash collateral under stock lending arrangements: supplementary 599. Sections 597 and 598: quasi-stock lending arrangements and quasi-cash collateral 600. Meaning of "quasi-stock lending arrangements" and "quasi-cash collateral"
Repos 601. Repo cases in which deeming rules apply 602. Deemed manufactured payments: repos 603. Deemed deductions of tax 604. Deemed increase in repurchase price: price differences under repos 605. Deemed increase in repurchase price: other income tax purposes
Interpretation 606. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 5
Price differences under repos Main tax treatment 607. Treatment of price differences under repos 608. Exceptions to section 607
Additional tax treatment 609. Additional income tax consequences of price differences
Interpretation 610. Repurchase price in deemed manufactured payment case
Power to modify 611. Power to modify Chapter in non-arm's length case
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Chapter 6
Powers to modify repo provisions 612. Non-standard repo cases 613. Redemption arrangements 614. Sections 612 and 613: supplementary
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Part 12
Accrued income profits Chapter 1
Introduction 615. Overview of Part
Chapter 2
Accrued income profits and losses Charge to tax 616. Charge to tax on accrued income profits 617. Income charged 618. Person liable
Securities to which Chapter applies 619. Meaning of "securities" and when securities are of the same kind
Transfers to which Chapter applies 620. Transactions which are transfers: general 621. Transferors and transferees 622. Application of Chapter to different kinds of transfer 623. Transfers with accrued interest 624. Transfers without accrued interest 625. Transfers with unrealised interest 626. Transfers of variable rate securities 627. Meaning of "variable rate securities"
Calculating accrued income profits and losses 628. Making accrued income profits and losses: general rule 629. Calculating accrued income profits and losses where section 628 applies 630. Making accrued income profits: settlement day outside interest period 631. Amount of accrued income profits where section 630 applies
The payments treated as made on transfers 632. Payment on transfer with accrued interest 633. Payment on transfer without accrued interest 634. Payment on transfer with unrealised interest 635. Payment on transfer of variable rate securities
Exception where there is a transfer to a legatee 636. Exception where there is a transfer to a legatee
Relief for losses 637. Accrued income losses treated as payments in next interest period
Excluded transferors and transferees 638. Excluded persons: disregard of certain payments and transfers 639. Small holdings: individuals 640. Small holdings: personal representatives 641. Small holdings: trustees of a disabled person's trusts 642. Traders 643. Non-residents 644. Individuals t
and repurchase arrangements">654. Sale and repurchase arrangements 655. Transfers under sale and repurchase arrangements 656. Power to modify: non-standard sale and repurchase arrangements 657. Power to modify: redemption arrangements 658. Powers to modify: supplementary
Special rules about some calculations 659. Transfers with or without accrued interest: interest in default 660. Transfers with unrealised interest: interest in default 661. Successive transfers with unrealised interest in default 662. New securities issued with extra return: special rules about payments 663. Transfers without accrued interest to makers of manufactured payments 664. Foreign currency securities: sterling equivalent of payments on transfers 665. Foreign currency securities: unrealised interest payable in foreign currency
Nominees and trustees 666. Certain transfers by or to nominees or trustees treated as made by or to others 667. Trustees' accrued income profits treated as settlement income
Relief where transfer proceeds unremittable 668. Relief for unremittable transfer proceeds: general 669. Relief for unremittable transfer proceeds: section 630 profits 670. Withdrawal of relief
Interpretation 671. Meaning of "interest" 672. Meaning of "interest payment day" 673. Meaning of "interest period" 674. Meaning of "the settlement day" 675. The holding of securities 676. Nominal value of securities: general 677. Nominal value: foreign currency securities
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Chapter 3
Exemptions relating to interest on securities 678. Exemptions relating to interest on securities: preliminary 679. Interest on securities involving accrued income losses: general 680. Interest on securities involving accrued income losses: foreign trustees 681. Unrealised interest received by transferee after transfer
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Part 13
Tax avoidance Chapter 1
Transactions in securities Introduction 682. Overview of Chapter 683. Meaning of "income tax advantage"
Person liable to counteraction of income tax advantages 684. Person liable to counteraction of income tax advantage 685. Exception where no tax avoidance object shown
Circumstances in which income tax advantages obtained or obtainable 686. Abnormal dividends used for exemptions or reliefs (circumstance A) 687. Deductions from profits obtained following distribution or dealings (circumstance B) 688. Receipt of consideration representing company's assets, future receipts or trading stock (circumstance C) 689. Receipt of consideration in connection with relevant company distribution (circumstance D) 690. Receipt of assets of relevant company (circumstance E) 691. Meaning of "relevant company" in sections 689 and 690 692. Abnormal dividends: general 693. Abnormal dividends: the excessive return condition 694. Abnormal dividends: the excessive accrual condition
Procedure for counteraction of income tax advantages 695. Preliminary notification that section 684 may apply 696. Opposed notifications: statutory declarations 697. Opposed notifications: determinations by tribunal 698. Counteraction notices 699. Limit on amount assessed in section 689 and 690 cases 700. Timing of assessments in section 690 cases
Clearance procedure and information powers 701. Application for clearance of transactions 702. Effect of clearance notification under section 701 703. Power to obtain information
The tribunal 704. The tribunal
Appeals 705. Appeals against counteraction notices 706. Rehearing by tribunal of appeal against counteraction notice 707. Statement of case by tribunal for opinion of High Court
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Chapter 2
Transfer of assets abroad Introduction 714. Overview of Chapter 715. Meaning of "relevant transaction" 716. Meaning of "relevant transfer" and "transfer" 717. Meaning of "assets" etc 718. Meaning of "person abroad" etc 719. Meaning of "associated operation"
Charge where power to enjoy income 720. Charge to tax on income treated as arising under section 721 721. Individuals with power to enjoy income as a result of relevant transactions 722. When an individual has power to enjoy income of person abroad 723. The enjoyment conditions 724. Special rules where benefit provided out of income of person abroad 725. Reduction in amount charged where controlled foreign company involved 726. Non-domiciled individuals
Charge where capital sums received 727. Charge to tax on income treated as arising under section 728 728. Individuals receiving capital sums as a result of relevant transactions 729. The capital receipt conditions 730. Non-domiciled individuals
Charge where benefit received 731. Charge to tax on income treated as arising under section 732 732. Non-transferors receiving a benefit as a result of relevant transactions 733. Income charged under section 731 734. Reduction in amount charged: previous capital gains tax charge 735. Non-domiciled individuals
Exemptions: no tax avoidance purpose or genuine commercial transaction 736. Exemptions: introduction 737. Exemption: all relevant transactions post-4 December 2005 transactions 738. Meaning of "commercial transaction" 739. Exemption: all relevant transactions pre-5 December 2005 transactions 740. Exemption: relevant transactions include both pre-5 Dec
747. Amounts corresponding to accrued income profits and related interest
Supplementary 748. Power to obtain information 749. Restrictions on particulars to be provided by solicitors 750. Restrictions on particulars to be provided by banks 751. Special Commissioners' jurisdiction on appeals
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Chapter 3
Transactions in land Introduction 752. Overview of Chapter 753. Meaning of disposing of land 754. Priority of other income tax provisions
Charge on gains from transactions in land 755. Charge to tax on gains from transactions in land 756. Income treated as arising when gains obtained from some land disposals 757. Person obtaining gain 758. Income charged 759. Person liable 760. Method of calculating gain
Further provisions relevant to the charge 761. Transactions, arrangements, sales and realisations relevant for Chapter 762. Tracing value 763. Meaning of "another person" 764. Valuations and apportionments
Exemptions 765. Exemption: gain attributable to period before intention to develop formed 766. Exemption: disposals of shares in companies holding land as trading stock 767. Exemption: private residences
Recovery of tax 768. Recovery of tax where consideration receivable by person not assessed 769. Recovery of tax: certificates of tax paid etc
Clearances and power to obtain information 770. Clearance procedure 771. Power to obtain information
Interpretation 772. Interpretation of Chapter
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Chapter 4
Sales of occupation income Introduction 773. Overview of Chapter 774. Meaning of "occupation" 775. Priority of other tax provisions
Charge on sale of occupation income 776. Charge to tax on sale of occupation income 777. Conditions for sections 778 and 779 to apply 778. Income arising where capital amount other than derivative property or right obtained 779. Income arising where derivative property or right obtained
Further provisions relevant to the charge 780. Transactions, arrangements, sales and realisations relevant for Chapter 781. Tracing value 782. Meaning of "other person" 783. Valuations and apportionments
Exemption for sales of going concerns 784. Exemption for sales of going concerns 785. Restriction on exemption: sales of future earnings
Recovery of tax 786. Recovery of tax where consideration receivable by person not assessed 787. Recovery of tax: certificates of tax paid etc
Power to obtain information 788. Power to obtain information
Interpretation 789. Minor definitions
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Chapter 5
Avoidance involving trading losses Introduction 790. Overview of Chapter
Individuals in partnership: recovery of excess relief 791. Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 792 792. Partners claiming excess sideways or capital gains relief 793. Calculating the amount of income treated as received 794. Meaning of "the total amount of trade losses claimed" etc 795. Meaning of "post-1 December 2004 loss"
Individuals claiming relief for film-related trading losses 796. Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 797 797. Individuals claiming sideways or capital gains relief for film-related losses 798. Meaning of "non-taxable consideration" etc 799. Meaning of "disposal of a right of the individual to profits" etc 800. Meaning of "film-related losses" etc 801. Meaning of "capital contribution" 802. Exclusion of amounts in calculating capital contribution by a partner 803. Prohibition against double counting
Individuals in partnership claiming relief for licence-related trading losses 804. Charge to tax on income treated as received under section 805 805. Partners claiming relief for licence-related trading losses 806. Calculation of amount of income treated as received by the individual 807. Supplementary provision relating to calculation in section 806 808. Meaning of "disposal of the licence" etc 809. Other definitions
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Part 14
Income tax liability: miscellaneous rules Chapter 1
Limits on liability to income tax of non-UK residents Introduction 810. Overview of Chapter
Limit for non-UK resident individuals, trustees etc 811. Limit on liability to income tax of non-UK residents 812. Case where limit not to apply 813. Meaning of "disregarded income" 814. Meaning of "disregarded transaction income"
Limit for non-UK resident companies 815. Limit on liability to income tax of non-UK resident companies 816. Meaning of "disregarded company income"
The independent broker conditions 817. The independent broker conditions
The independent investment manager conditions 818. The independent investment manager conditions 819. Investment managers: the 20% rule 820. Meaning of "qualifying period" 821. Meaning of "relevant disregarded income" 822. Meaning of "beneficial entitlement" 823. Treatment of transactions where requirements of 20% rule not met 824. Application of 20% rule to collective investment schemes
Supplementary 825. Meaning of "disregarded savings and investment income" 826. Meaning of "disregarded annual payments" 827. Meaning of "investment manager" and "investment transaction" 828. Transactions through brokers and investment managers
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Chapter 2
Residence 829. Residence of individuals temporarily abroad 830. Residence of individuals working abroad 831. Foreign income of individuals in the United Kingdom for temporary purpose 832. Employment income of individuals in the United Kingdom for temporary purpose 833. Visiting forces and staff of designated allied headquarters 834. Residence of personal representatives 835. Residence rules for trustees and companies
Chapter 3
Jointly held property 836. Jointly held property 837. Jointly held property: declarations of unequal beneficial interests
Chapter 4
Other miscellaneous rules 838. Local authorities and local authority associations 839. Issue departments of the Reserve Bank of India and the State Bank of Pakistan 840. Government securities held by non-UK resident central banks 841. Official agents of Commonwealth countries etc 842. European Economic Interest Groupings 843. Restriction of deductions for annual payments 844. Letters patent etc: exempting provisions 845. Extra return to be treated as interest etc 846. Interpretation of section 845
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Part 15
Deduction of income tax at source Chapter 1
Introduction 847. Overview of Part 848. Income tax deducted at source treated as income tax paid by recipient 849. Interaction with other Income Tax Acts provisions
Chapter 2
Deduction by deposit-takers and building societies Introduction 850. Overview of Chapter
Duty to deduct sums representing income tax 851. Duty to deduct sums representing income tax 852. Power to make regulations disapplying section 851
Deposit-takers and relevant investments 853. Meaning of "deposit-taker" 854. Power to prescribe persons as deposit-takers 855. Meaning of "investment" and "deposit" 856. Investments which are relevant investments 857. Investments to be treated as being or as not being relevant investments
Investments which are not relevant investments: non-UK resident beneficiaries 858. Declarations of non-UK res
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