Capital Allowances Act 2001 (c. 2)

(The document as of February, 2008)

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(a) a person was entitled to an initial allowance in respect of qualifying enterprise zone expenditure,

(b) the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to that expenditure incurs an additional VAT liability in respect of that expenditure,

(i) occupied by the person entitled to the relevant interest or a qualifying lessee, or

(ii) used by a qualifying licensee, and

(d) the additional VAT liability is incurred not more than 10 years after the site of the building was first included in the enterprise zone.

(2) If this section applies, the person entitled to the relevant interest is entitled to an initial allowance on the amount of the additional VAT liability.

(3) The amount of the initial allowance is 100% of the amount of the additional VAT liability.

(4) A person claiming an initial allowance under this section may require the allowance to be reduced to a specified amount.

(5) The allowance is made for the chargeable period in which the additional VAT liability accrues.

(6) The persons mentioned in subsection (1)(a) and (b) need not be the same.

347 Additional VAT liabilities and writing-down allowances

(1) This section applies if the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to qualifying expenditure incurs an additional VAT liability in respect of that expenditure.

(2) If this section applies--

(a) the additional VAT liability is treated as qualifying expenditure, and

(b) the amount of the residue of qualifying expenditure is accordingly increased at the time when the liability accrues by the amount of the liability.

(3) The incurring of the additional VAT liability is a relevant event for the purposes of section 311 (calculation of writing-down allowances) that is to be treated as occurring at the time when the liability accrues.

348 Additional VAT liabilities and writing off initial allowances

If an initial allowance is made in respect of an additional VAT liability incurred after the building is first used, the amount of the allowance is written off at the time when the liability accrues.

Additional VAT rebates

349 Additional VAT rebates and writing-down allowances

(1) This section applies if--

(a) an additional VAT rebate is made in respect of qualifying expenditure to the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to that qualifying expenditure, and

(b) immediately before the rebate accrues, the residue of that qualifying expenditure is equal to, or greater than, the amount of the rebate.

(2) The making of the additional VAT rebate is a relevant event for the purposes of section 311 (calculation of writing-down allowances) that is to be treated as occurring at the time when the rebate accrues.

350 Additional VAT rebates and balancing adjustments

(1) If an additional VAT rebate is made in respect of qualifying expenditure to the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to that qualifying expenditure--

(a) the making of the rebate is a balancing event for the purposes of this Part, but

(b) the making of balancing adjustments as a result of the event is subject to subsections (2) and (3).

(2) No balancing allowance is to be made as a result of the event.

(3) A balancing charge is not to be made as a result of the event unless--

(a) the amount of the additional VAT rebate is more than the amount of the residue of qualifying expenditure immediately before the time when the rebate accrues, or

(b) there is no such residue.

(4) The amount of the balancing charge is--

(a) the amount of the difference, or

(b) the amount of the rebate (if there is no residue).

(5) If a balancing charge is made under this section, the starting expenditure is reduced by the amount of that charge in a case where section 322(2) applies (person subject to balancing adjustment is the person who incurred the qualifying expenditure).

351 Additional VAT rebates and writing off qualifying expenditure

If an additional VAT rebate is made in respect of qualifying expenditure, an amount equal to the rebate is written off at the time when the rebate accrues.

Chapter 11 Giving effect to allowances and charges

352 Trades

(1) An allowance or charge to which a person is entitled or liable under this Part is to be given effect in calculating the profits of that person's trade, by treating--

(a) the allowance as an expense of the trade, and

(b) the charge as a receipt of the trade.

(2) In the case of a person who--

(a) is entitled to an allowance or liable to a charge in respect of a commercial building, and

(b) occupies the building in the course of a profession or vocation,

the references in subsection (1) to a trade are to be read as references to the profession or vocation.

(3) Subsection (1) is subject to the following provisions of this Chapter.

353 Lessors and licensors

(1) This section applies if--

(a) a person is entitled or liable to an allowance or charge for a chargeable period ("the relevant period"), but

(b) his interest in the building in question is or was subject to a lease or a licence at the relevant time.

(2) If the person's interest in the building is an asset of a Schedule A business carried on by him at any time in the relevant period, the allowance or charge is to be given effect in calculating the profits of that business for the relevant period, by treating--

(a) the allowance as an expense of that business, and

(b) the charge as a receipt of that business.

(3) If the person's interest in the building is an asset of an overseas property business carried on by him at any time in the relevant period, the allowance or charge is to be given effect in calculating the profits of the overseas property business for the relevant period, by treating--

(a) the allowance as an expense of that business, and

(b) the charge as a receipt of that business.

(4) If the person's interest in the building is not an asset of any property business carried on by him at any time in the relevant period, the allowance or charge is to be given effect by treating him as if he had been carrying on a Schedule A business in that period and as if--

(a) the allowance were an expense of that business, and

(b) the charge were a receipt of that business.

(5) In subsection (1) "the relevant time" means--

(a) in relation to an initial allowance, the time when the expenditure was incurred or any subsequent time before the building is used for any purpose;

(b) in relation to a writing-down allowance, the end of the relevant period;

(c) in relation to a balancing allowance or balancing charge, the time immediately before the event giving rise to the allowance or charge.

354 Buildings temporarily out of use

(1) This section applies if a person is entitled to an allowance or liable to a charge for a chargeable period during which the building is treated as an industrial building under section 285 (building still industrial building despite temporary disuse).

(2) If, when the building was last in use as an industrial building--

(a) it was in use for the purposes of a trade which has since been permanently discontinued, or

(b) the relevant interest in the building was subject to a lease or a licence which has since come to an end,

section 353(4) applies to the person as if the relevant interest were subject to a lease or licence at the relevant time.

(3) If--

(a) the person is liable to a balancing charge, and

(b) when the building was last in use as an industrial building, it was in use as an industrial building for the purposes of a trade which was carried on by the person but which has since been permanently discontinued,

the same deductions may be made from the amount of the balancing charge as may be made under section 105 of ICTA (deductions allowed in case of post-cessation receipts) from an amount chargeable to tax under section 103 or 104(1) of ICTA.

(4) Subsection (3) does not affect the making of any deduction allowed under any other provision of the Tax Acts.

(5) For the purposes of this section the permanent discontinuance of a trade does not include an event treated as a permanent discontinuance under section 113(1) or 337(1) of ICTA (change in persons carrying on a trade etc. and effect of company ceasing to trade etc.).

(6) In this section "trade", in relation to a commercial building, includes a profession or vocation.

355 Buildings for miners etc.: carry-back of balancing allowances

(1) This section applies if--

(a) a trade consists of or includes the working of a source of mineral deposits (within the meaning of item 7 of Table A in section 274),

(b) a balancing allowance falls to be made under this Part for the last chargeable period in which the trade is carried on,

(i) the source of mineral deposits ceasing to be worked, or

(ii) the coming to an end of a foreign concession,

(d) the allowance is made for expenditure on a building which was constructed for occupation by, or for the welfare of, persons employed at or in connection with the working of the source of mineral deposits, and

(e) full effect cannot be given to the allowance because there are insufficient profits for that chargeable period.

(2) If this section applies, the person entitled to the allowance may claim that the balance of the allowance is to be given for the last preceding chargeable period, and so on for other preceding chargeable periods.

(3) But allowances are not to be given under subsection (2) for chargeable periods amounting in total to more than 5 years; but a proportionately reduced allowance may be given for a chargeable period of which part is required to make up the 5 years.

(4) In counting the 5 years, include any period for which an allowance might be made but cannot be given effect because there are insufficient profits.

(5) If this section applies to a company, no allowance may be given under this section so as to create or increase a loss in any accounting period.

(6) If this section applies to a company and a claim is made both under this section and under section 393A(1) of ICTA (relief for company trading losses)--

(a) effect is to be given to the claim under that section before this section is applied, and

(b) for the purposes of giving effect to the claim under that section, the allowance for which the claim under this section is made is to be disregarded.

Chapter 12 Supplementary provisions

356 Apportionment of sums partly referable to non-qualifying assets

(1) If the sum paid for the sale of the relevant interest in a building is attributable--

(a) partly to assets representing expenditure for which an allowance can be made under this Part, and

(b) partly to assets representing other expenditure,

only so much of the sum as on a just and reasonable apportionment is attributable to the assets referred to in paragraph (a) is to be taken into account for the purposes of this Part.

(2) Subsection (1) applies to other proceeds from a balancing event in respect of a building as it applies to a sum given for the sale of the relevant interest in the building.

(3) Subsection (1) does not affect any other provision of this Act requiring an apportionment of the proceeds of a balancing event.

357 Arrangements having an artificial effect on pricing

(1) If--

(a) the relevant interest in a building is sold,

(b) related arrangements have been entered into, at or before the time when the sale price is fixed, which had the effect at that time of enhancing the value of the relevant interest, and

the sum paid on the sale of the relevant interest is to be treated for the purposes of arriving at qualifying expenditure as reduced to what it would have been if the arrangements had not contained the provision having that artificial effect.

(2) If--

(a) qualifying expenditure is equal to a price paid on a sale of the relevant interest in a building,

(b) related arrangements have been entered into, at or before the time when the sale price is fixed, which had the effect at that time of enhancing the value of the relevant interest, and

the proceeds from any balancing event subsequently occurring in relation to the building are to be treated for the purposes of this Part as reduced to what they would have been if the arrangements had not contained the provision having that artificial effect.

(3) "Related arrangements" means arrangements between two or more persons which relate--

(a) to an interest in or right over the building, or

(b) to other arrangements made with respect to such an interest or right;

and for this purpose it is immaterial whether the interest or right in question is granted by the person entitled to the relevant interest or another person.

(4) Arrangements contain a provision having an artificial effect on pricing to the extent that they go beyond what could reasonably have been regarded as required in comparable commercial transactions by the market conditions prevailing when the arrangements were entered into.

(5) "Comparable commercial transactions" means transactions--

(a) involving interests in or rights over buildings of the same kind as (or of a similar kind to) the building to which the arrangements relate, and

(b) made by persons dealing with each other at arm's length in the open market.

358 Requisitioned land

(1) This section applies in relation to any period ("period of requisition") for which compensation--

(a) is payable, or

(b) but for any agreement would be payable,

under section 2(1)(a) of the Compensation (Defence) Act 1939 (c. 75).

(2) This Part has effect in relation to the period of requisition as if the Crown had been in possession of the land for that period under a lease.

(3) If a person carrying on a trade is authorised by the Crown to occupy the land (or part of it) during the whole or a part of the period of requisition, this Part has effect as if the Crown had granted a sub-lease of the land (or that part of it) to the occupier.

(4) If subsection (2) or (3) applies, references in this Part to--

(a) the surrender of a leasehold interest,

(b) a leasehold interest being extinguished on the person entitled to it acquiring the interest which is reversionary on it, or

apply (with the necessary modifications) in relation to the lease under subsection (2) or the sub-lease under subsection (3).

(5) If the person who (subject to the rights of the Crown) is entitled to possession of the land pays any sum to--

(a) the Crown, or

(b) if subsection (3) applies, the occupier,

in respect of a building constructed on the land during the period of requisition, the sum is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as paid in consideration of the surrender of the lease or sub-lease (as the case may be).

359 Provisions applying on termination of lease

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Part if a lease is terminated.

(2) If, with the consent of the lessor, the lessee of a building remains in possession of the building after the termination without a new lease being granted to him the lease is treated as continuing so long as the lessee remains in possession.

(3) If on the termination a new lease is granted to the lessee as a result of the exercise of an option available to him under the terms of the first lease, the second lease is treated as a continuation of the first.

(4) If on the termination the lessor pays a sum to the lessee in respect of a building comprised in the lease, the lease is treated as if it had come to an end by surrender in consideration of the payment.

(5) If on the termination--

(a) another lease is granted to a different lessee, and

(b) in connection with the transaction that lessee pays a sum to the person who was the lessee under the first lease,

the two leases are to be treated as if they were the same lease which had been assigned by the lessee under the first lease to the lessee under the second lease in consideration of the payment.

360 Meaning of "lease" etc.

(1) In this Part "lease" includes--

(a) an agreement for a lease if the term to be covered by the lease has begun, and

(b) any tenancy,

but does not include a mortgage (and "lessee", "lessor" and "leasehold interest" are to be read accordingly).

(2) In the application of this Part to Scotland--

(a) "leasehold interest" (or "leasehold estate") means the interest of a tenant in property subject to a lease, and

(b) any reference to an interest which is reversionary on a leasehold interest or on a lease is to be read as a reference to the interest of the landlord in the property subject to the leasehold interest or lease.

Part 4 Agricultural buildings allowances

Chapter 1 Introduction

361 Agricultural buildings allowances

(1) Allowances are available under this Part if--

(a) capital expenditure has been incurred on the construction of a building (such as a farmhouse, farm building or cottage) or on the construction of fences or other works,

(b) the expenditure was incurred--

(i) by a person having a freehold or leasehold interest in land in the United Kingdom occupied wholly or mainly for the purposes of husbandry, and

(ii) for the purposes of husbandry on that land, and

(2) In this Part--

(a) "agricultural building" means a building, fence or other works referred to in subsection (1)(a), and

(b) "the related agricultural land" means the land referred to in subsection (1)(b).

(3) Allowances under this Part are made to the person who for the time being has the relevant interest (see Chapter 2) in relation to the qualifying expenditure (see Chapter 3).

362 Meaning of "husbandry"

(1) In this Part "husbandry" includes--

(a) any method of intensive rearing of livestock or fish on a commercial basis for the production of food for human consumption, and

(b) the cultivation of short rotation coppice.

(2) "Short rotation coppice" has the meaning given by section 154(3) of FA 1995 (meaning for general tax purposes: tree species planted at high density where stems harvested at intervals of less than 10 years).

363 Expenditure on the construction of a building

For the purposes of this Part, expenditure on the construction of a building does not include expenditure incurred on the acquisition of land or rights in or over land.

Chapter 2 The relevant interest

364 General rule as to what is the relevant interest

(1) The relevant interest in relation to any qualifying expenditure is the freehold or leasehold interest in the related agricultural land to which the person who incurred the expenditure on the construction of the agricultural building was entitled when the expenditure was incurred.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to the following provisions of this Chapter.

(3) If, when the expenditure was incurred--

(a) the person was entitled to freehold and leasehold interests or to more than one leasehold interest in the related agricultural land, and

(b) one of those interests was reversionary on all the others,

the reversionary interest is the relevant interest.

365 Effect of creation of subordinate lease

An interest does not cease to be the relevant interest merely because of the creation of a lease or other interest to which that interest is subject.

366 Interest conveyed or assigned by way of security

If an interest in land is--

(a) conveyed or assigned by way of security, and

(b) subject to a right of redemption,

the person with the right of redemption is treated for the purposes of this Part as having that interest, and not the creditor.

367 Merger of leasehold interest

(1) If the relevant interest is a leasehold interest which is extinguished on--

(a) being surrendered, or

(b) the person entitled to it acquiring the interest which is reversionary on it,

the interest into which the leasehold interest merges becomes the relevant interest when the leasehold interest is extinguished.

(2) If the person who owns the interest into which the leasehold interest is merged is not the same as the person who owned the leasehold interest, the relevant interest is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as acquired by the owner of the interest into which the leasehold interest is merged.

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply if a new lease of the whole or a part of the related agricultural land is granted to take effect on the extinguishment of the former leasehold interest.

368 Provisions applying on ending of lease

(1) This section applies if--

(a) a lease which is the relevant interest comes to an end, and

(b) section 367(1) does not apply.

(2) If a new lease of the whole or a part of the related agricultural land is granted to the same lessee, the lessee is to be treated as continuing to have the same relevant interest in the whole of the related agricultural land.

(3) If--

(a) a new lease of the whole or a part of the related agricultural land is granted to a different lessee, and

(b) that lessee ("the incoming lessee") makes a payment to the outgoing lessee in respect of assets representing the qualifying expenditure,

the incoming lessee is to be treated as acquiring the relevant interest in the whole of the related agricultural land.

(4) In any other case, the former lease and the interest of the lessor under it are to be treated as the same interest; and so the relevant interest in the whole of the related agricultural land is to be treated as acquired by the lessor.

Chapter 3 Qualifying expenditure

369 Capital expenditure on construction of agricultural building

(1) If--

(a) capital expenditure has been incurred on the construction of an agricultural building,

(b) the expenditure was incurred for the purposes of husbandry as mentioned in section 361, and

(c) the relevant interest has not been sold or, if it has been sold, has been sold only after the first use of the building,

the capital expenditure is qualifying expenditure.

(2) Subsections (3) and (4) apply if the capital expenditure has been incurred on the construction of a farmhouse.

(3) If the accommodation and amenities of the farmhouse are proportionate to the nature and extent of the farm, only one third of the capital expenditure is to be taken into account under subsection (1).

(4) If they are disproportionate, only such part of the expenditure as is just and reasonable (and not exceeding one third) is to be taken into account under subsection (1).

(5) If--

(a) the capital expenditure is incurred on the construction of any agricultural building other than a farmhouse, and

(b) the building is to be used partly for the purposes of husbandry on the related agricultural land and partly for other purposes,

only such part of the expenditure as, on a just and reasonable apportionment, is referable to use for the purposes of husbandry is to be taken into account under subsection (1).

370 Purchase of relevant interest before first use of agricultural building

(1) This section applies if--

(a) capital expenditure has been incurred on the construction of an agricultural building,

(b) the expenditure was incurred for the purposes of husbandry as mentioned in section 361,

(d) a capital sum is paid by the purchaser for the relevant interest.

(2) The lesser of--

(a) the capital expenditure incurred on the construction of the agricultural building, and

(b) the capital sum paid by the purchaser,

is qualifying expenditure.

(3) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2)--

(a) capital expenditure incurred on the construction of the agricultural building does not include any amount excluded from being taken into account under section 369(3) to (5), and

(b) the capital sum paid by the purchaser for the relevant interest does not include any amount which, on a just and reasonable apportionment, is attributable to assets representing expenditure in respect of which an allowance cannot be made under this Part.

(4) Subsection (3)(b) does not affect sections 562, 563 and 564(1) (apportionment and procedure for determining apportionment).

(5) The qualifying expenditure is to be treated as incurred when the capital sum became payable.

(6) If the relevant interest is sold more than once before the building is first used, subsection (2) has effect only in relation to the last of those sales.

371 Different relevant interests in different parts of the related agricultural land

If a person is entitled to different relevant interests in different parts of the related agricultural land--

(a) the expenditure is to be apportioned between those parts on a just and reasonable basis, and

(b) this Part applies as if the person had incurred the expenditure apportioned to each part separately.

Chapter 4 Writing-down allowances

372 Entitlement to writing-down allowance

(1) A person is entitled to a writing-down allowance for a chargeable period if--

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