Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (c. 41)

(The document as of February, 2008)

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(a) incurred, or authorised the incurring of, the election expenses, and

(b) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the expenses would be incurred in excess of that maximum amount,

shall be guilty of an illegal practice. "

(5) In subsection (2), for paragraph (aa) (maximum amount in case of candidate at parliamentary by-election) there shall be substituted--

" (aa) for a candidate at a parliamentary by-election, £100,000; " .

(6) The amendments made by this section do not have effect in relation to local government elections in Scotland.

133 Power to vary provisions about election expenses

(1) For section 76A of the Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 there shall be substituted--

" 76A Power to vary provisions about election expenses

(1) The Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument vary any of the sums to which this section applies--

(a) where he considers that the variation is expedient in consequence of changes in the value of money, or

(b) in order to give effect to a recommendation of the Electoral Commission.

(2) This section applies to any of the sums for the time being specified in--

(a) section 73(2) above;

(b) section 74(1)(a), (b), (c) or (d) above;

(d) section 76(2) above.

(3) An order under subsection (1)(b) above shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. "

(2) Section 76A of that Act, as substituted by subsection (1) above, shall be taken to be a pre-commencement enactment for the purposes of the [1998 c. 46.] Scotland Act 1998.

134 Meaning of "election expenses"

(1) After section 90 of the Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 there shall be inserted--

" 90A Meaning of "election expenses"

(1) In this Part of this Act "election expenses", in relation to a candidate at an election, means (subject to subsections (2) and (3) and sections 90B and 90C below) any expenses incurred in respect of--

(a) the acquisition or use of any property, or

(b) the provision by any person of any goods, services or facilities,

which is or are used for the purposes of the candidate's election after the date when he becomes a candidate at the election.

(2) Subsection (1) above applies whether the expenses are incurred before or after that date.

(3) No election expenses shall be regarded as incurred, by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) above or sections 90B and 90C below, in respect of--

(a) the payment of any deposit required by rule 9 of Schedule 1 to this Act;

(b) the publication of any matter, other than an advertisement, relating to the election in--

(i) a newspaper or periodical,

(ii) a broadcast made by the British Broadcasting Corporation or by Sianel Pedwar Cymru, or

(iii) a programme included in any service licensed under Part I or III of the Broadcasting Act 1990 or Part I or II of the Broadcasting Act 1996;

(c) the provision of any facilities provided in pursuance of any right conferred on candidates at an election by this Act other than facilities in respect of which expenses fall to be defrayed by virtue of sections 95(4) and 96(4) below;

(d) the provision by any individual of his own services which he provides voluntarily in his own time and free of charge.

(4) In this section and in sections 90B and 90C below "for the purposes of the candidate's election" means with a view to, or otherwise in connection with, promoting or procuring the candidate's election at the election.

(5) For the purposes of this Part of this Act--

(a) election expenses are incurred by or on behalf of a candidate at an election if they are incurred--

(i) by the candidate or his election agent, or

(ii) by any person authorised by the candidate or his election agent to incur the expenses; and

(b) any reference to election expenses incurred by or on behalf of a candidate at an election includes expenses which are incurred as mentioned in paragraph (a)(i) or (ii) above before the date when he becomes a candidate at the election but which by virtue of subsection (1) and (2) above fall to be regarded as election expenses.

(6) In this Part, and in Part III of this Act, any reference (in whatever terms) to promoting or procuring a candidate's election at an election includes doing so by prejudicing the electoral prospects of another candidate at the election.

90B Incurring of election expenses for purposes of section 90A

(1) The election expenses which are to be regarded as incurred for the purposes of section 90A(1) above shall (subject to subsection (2) and section 90C below) be the actual expenses incurred in respect of the acquisition or use of the property, or (as the case may be) the provision of the goods, services or facilities mentioned in section 90A(1).

(2) Where the property, goods, services or facilities mentioned in subsection (1) above is or are not used exclusively for the purposes of the candidate's election, the election expenses to be regarded as incurred for the purposes of section 90A(1) shall be such proportion of the expenses incurred in respect of their acquisition, use or provision (as the case may be) as is reasonably attributable to the use of the property or (as the case may be) the goods, services or facilities for the purposes of the candidate's election.

90C Property, goods, services etc. provided free of charge or at a discount

(1) This section applies where, in the case of a candidate at an election--

(a) either--

(i) property or goods is or are transferred to the candidate or his election agent free of charge or at a discount of more than 10 per cent. of the market value of the property or goods, or

(ii) property, goods, services or facilities is or are provided for the use or benefit of the candidate free of charge or at a discount of more than 10 per cent. of the commercial rate for the use of the property or for the provision of the goods, services or facilities, and

(b) the property, goods, services or facilities is or are made use of by or on behalf of the candidate in circumstances such that, if any expenses were to be (or are) actually incurred by or on behalf of the candidate in respect of that use, they would be (or are) election expenses incurred by or on behalf of the candidate.

(2) Where this section applies--

(a) an amount of election expenses determined in accordance with this section ("the appropriate amount") shall be treated, for the purposes of this Part of this Act, as incurred by the candidate, and

(b) the candidate's election agent shall make a declaration of that amount,

unless that amount is not more than £50.

This subsection has effect subject to section 90A(3) above.

(3) Where subsection (1)(a)(i) above applies, the appropriate amount is such proportion of either--

(a) the market value of the property or goods (where the property or goods is or are transferred free of charge), or

(b) the difference between the market value of the property or goods and the amount of expenses actually incurred by or on behalf of the candidate in respect of the property or goods (where the property or goods is or are transferred at a discount),

as is reasonably attributable to the use made of the property or goods as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above.

(4) Where subsection (1)(a)(ii) above applies, the appropriate amount is such proportion of either--

(a) the commercial rate for the use of the property or the provision of the goods, services or facilities (where the property, goods, services or facilities is or are provided free of charge), or

(b) the difference between that commercial rate and the amount of expenses actually incurred by or on behalf of the candidate in respect of the use of the property or the provision of the services or facilities (where the property, goods, services or facilities is or are provided at a discount),

as is reasonably attributable to the use made of the property, goods, services or facilities as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above.

(5) Where the services of an employee are made available by his employer for the use or benefit of a candidate, then for the purposes of this section the commercial rate for the provision of those services shall be the amount of the remuneration and allowances payable to the employee by his employer in respect of the period for which his services are so made available (but shall not include any amount in respect of any contributions or other payments for which the employer is liable in respect of the employee).

(6) In this section "market value", in relation to any property or goods, means the price which might reasonably be expected to be paid for the property or goods on a sale in the open market; and paragraph 2(6)(a) of Schedule 2A to this Act shall apply with any necessary modifications for the purpose of determining, for the purposes of subsection (1) above, whether property or goods is or are transferred to a candidate or his election agent.

90D Modification of sections 90A to 90C in relation to election of London members of the London Assembly

(1) Sections 90A to 90C above shall have effect, in their application in relation to candidates at an election of London members of the London Assembly at an ordinary election, subject to the following modifications.

(2) In relation to any such candidates included in a list of candidates submitted by a registered political party in connection with the election--

(a) references to anything done by or on behalf of, or in relation to, a candidate at the election shall be construed as a reference to any such thing done by or on behalf of, or in relation to, all or any of the candidates on the list; and

(b) "for the purposes of the candidate's election" shall (instead of having the meaning given by section 90A(4) above) be construed as meaning with a view to, or otherwise in connection with promoting or procuring electoral success for the party, that is to say, the return at the election of all or any of the candidates on the list.

(3) Section 90A above shall have effect with the substitution of the following subsection for subsection (5)--

" (5) In this Part, and in Part III of this Act, any reference (in whatever form) to promoting or procuring a candidate's election at an election, or to promoting or procuring electoral success for a party, includes doing so by prejudicing the electoral prospects of other candidates or parties at the election. " "

(2) The amendment made by this section does not have effect in relation to local government elections in Scotland.

135 Meaning of "candidate"

(1) In section 118 of the Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 (interpretation of Part II), for the definition of "candidate" there shall be substituted--

" "candidate" shall be construed in accordance with section 118A below; " .

(2) After section 118 of that Act there shall be inserted--

" 118A Meaning of candidate

(1) References to a candidate in this Part of this Act shall be construed in accordance with this section (except where the context otherwise requires).

(2) A person becomes a candidate at a parliamentary election--

(a) on the date of--

(i) the dissolution of Parliament, or

(ii) in the case of a by-election, the occurrence of the vacancy,

in consequence of which the writ for the election is issued if on or before that date he is declared by himself or by others to be a candidate at the election, and

(b) otherwise, on the day on which he is so declared by himself or by others or on which he is nominated as a candidate at the election (whichever is the earlier).

(3) A person becomes a candidate at an election under the local government Act--

(a) on the last day for publication of notice of the election if on or before that day he is declared by himself or by others to be a candidate at the election, and

(b) otherwise, on the day on which he is so declared by himself or by others or on which he is nominated as a candidate at the election (whichever is the earlier),

or, in the case of a person included in a list of candidates submitted by a registered political party in connection with an election of the London members of the London Assembly at an ordinary election, on the day on which the list is submitted by the party. "

(3) The amendments made by this section do not have effect in relation to local government elections in Scotland.

Corrupt and illegal practices

136 Corrupt and illegal practices: consequences for persons convicted of such practices

For section 173 of the Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 there shall be substituted--

" 173 Incapacities on conviction of corrupt or illegal practice

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, a person convicted of a corrupt or illegal practice--

(a) shall, during the relevant period specified in subsection (3) below, be incapable of--

(i) being registered as an elector or voting at any parliamentary election in the United Kingdom or at any local government election in Great Britain, or

(ii) being elected to the House of Commons, or

(iii) holding any elective office; and

(b) if already elected to a seat in the House of Commons or holding any such office, shall vacate the seat or office subject to and in accordance with subsections (4) and (5) below.

(2) The incapacity imposed by subsection (1)(a)(i) above applies only to a person convicted of a corrupt practice under section 60 above or of an illegal practice under section 61 above.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above the relevant period is the period beginning with the date of the conviction and ending--

(a) in the case of a person convicted of a corrupt practice, five years after that date, or

(b) in the case of a person convicted of an illegal practice, three years after that date,

except that if (at any time within that period of five or three years) a court determines on an appeal by that person against the conviction that it should not be upheld, the relevant period shall end at that time instead.

(4) Where subsection (1)(b) applies to any person, he shall (subject to subsection (5) below) vacate the seat or office in question at the appropriate time for the purposes of this section, namely--

(a) the end of the period which is the period prescribed by law within which notice of appeal may be given, or an application for leave to appeal may be made, by him in respect of the conviction, or

(b) if (at any time within that period) that period is extended--

(i) the end of the period as so extended, or

(ii) the end of the period of three months beginning with the date of the conviction,

whichever is the earlier.

(5) If (before the appropriate time mentioned in subsection (4) above) notice of appeal is given, or an application for leave to appeal is made, by such a person in respect of the conviction, he shall vacate the seat or office in question at the end of the period of three months beginning with the date of the conviction unless--

(a) such an appeal is dismissed or abandoned at any earlier time (in which case he shall vacate the seat or office at that time), or

(b) at any time within that period of three months the court determines on such an appeal that the conviction should not be upheld (in which case the seat or office shall not be vacated by him).

(6) Where such a person vacates a seat or office in accordance with subsection (4) or (5) above, no subsequent determination of a court that his conviction should not be upheld shall entitle him to resume the seat or office.

(7) If a person convicted of a corrupt or illegal practice has already been elected to a seat in the House of Commons or to any elective office, he shall (in addition to being subject to the incapacities mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above) be suspended from performing any of his functions as a Member of Parliament, or (as the case may be) any of the functions of that office, during the period of suspension specified in subsection (8) below.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (7) above the period of suspension is the period beginning with the date of the conviction and ending with--

(a) the date on which the seat or office is vacated in accordance with subsection (4) or (5) above, or

(b) where subsection (5)(b) above applies, the date on which the court determines that the conviction should not be upheld.

(9) Any incapacities or other requirement applying to a person by virtue of subsection (1) or (7) above applies in addition to any punishment imposed under section 168 or 169 above; but each of those subsections has effect subject to section 174 below.

(10) Without prejudice to the generality of section 205(2) below, nothing in this section affects matters relating to the Northern Ireland Assembly or local elections or holding office in Northern Ireland.

173A Incapacity to hold public or judicial office in Scotland

(1) Subject to section 174 below, a person convicted of a corrupt practice--

(a) shall for the period of five years beginning with the date of his conviction, be incapable of holding any public or judicial office in Scotland, and

(b) if already holding such an office, shall vacate it as from that date.

(2) Subsection (1) above applies in addition to--

(a) any incapacity or other requirement applying to the person by virtue of section 173 above, and

(b) any punishment imposed on him under section 168 above. "

137 Corrupt and illegal practices: election petitions etc

The Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 17, which in particular modifies the provisions relating to--

(a) the procedure on election petitions; and

(b) the consequences of reports by election courts.

Miscellaneous amendments

138 Election campaigns and proceedings: miscellaneous amendments

(1) The Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 18, which makes changes to Part II of that Act (the election campaign) and related provisions of Part III of that Act (legal proceedings).

(2) The amendments made by Schedule 18 do not have effect in relation to local government elections in Scotland.

Part IX Political donations and expenditure by companies

Control of political donations

139 Control of political donations by companies

(1) The provisions set out in Schedule 19 shall be inserted in the [1985 c. 6.] Companies Act 1985 as Part XA of that Act.

(2) In Schedule 22 to that Act (provisions applying to unregistered companies), after the entry relating to Part X there shall be inserted--

" Part XA

Control of political donations by companies

Subject to section 718(3). "

Disclosure of political donations and expenditure

140 Disclosure of political donations and expenditure in directors' report

In Part I of Schedule 7 to the [1985 c. 6.] Companies Act 1985 (matters of a general nature to be dealt with in directors' report), for paragraphs 3 to 5 (political and charitable gifts) there shall be substituted--

" Political donations and expenditure

3 (1) If--

(a) the company (not being the wholly-owned subsidiary of a company incorporated in Great Britain) has in the financial year--

(i) made any donation to any registered party or to any other EU political organisation, or

(ii) incurred any EU political expenditure, and

(b) the amount of the donation or expenditure, or (as the case may be) the aggregate amount of all donations and expenditure falling within paragraph (a), exceeded £200,

the directors' report for the year shall contain the particulars specified in sub-paragraph (2).

(2) Those particulars are--

(a) as respects donations falling within sub-paragraph (1)(a)(i)--

(i) the name of each registered party or other organisation to whom any such donation has been made, and

(ii) the total amount given to that party or organisation by way of such donations in the financial year; and

(b) as respects expenditure falling within sub-paragraph (1)(a)(ii), the total amount incurred by way of such expenditure in the financial year.

(3) If--

(a) at the end of the financial year the company has subsidiaries which have, in that year, made any donations or incurred any such expenditure as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (1)(a), and

(b) it is not itself the wholly-owned subsidiary of a company incorporated in Great Britain,

the directors' report for the year is not, by virtue of sub-paragraph (1), required to contain the particulars specified in sub-paragraph (2); but, if the total amount of any such donations or expenditure (or both) made or incurred in that year by the company and the subsidiaries between them exceeds £200, the directors' report for the year shall contain those particulars in relation to each body by whom any such donation or expenditure has been made or incurred.

(4) Any expression used in this paragraph which is also used in Part XA of this Act has the same meaning as in that Part.

4 (1) If the company (not being the wholly-owned subsidiary of a company incorporated in Great Britain) has in the financial year made any contribution to a non-EU political party, the directors' report for the year shall contain--

(a) a statement of the amount of the contribution, or

(b) (if it has made two or more such contributions in the year) a statement of the total amount of the contributions.

(2) If--

(a) at the end of the financial year the company has subsidiaries which have, in that year, made any such contributions as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (1), and

(b) it is not itself the wholly-owned subsidiary of a company incorporated in Great Britain,

the directors' report for the year is not, by virtue of sub-paragraph (1), required to contain any such statement as is there mentioned, but it shall instead contain a statement of the total amount of the contributions made in the year by the company and the subsidiaries between them.

(3) In this paragraph "contribution", in relation to an organisation, means--

(a) any gift of money to the organisation (whether made directly or indirectly);

(b) any subscription or other fee paid for affiliation to, or membership of, the organisation; or

(c) any money spent (otherwise than by the organisation or a person acting on its behalf) in paying any expenses incurred directly or indirectly by the organisation.

(4) In this paragraph "non-EU political party" means any political party which carries on, or proposes to carry on, its activities wholly outside the member States.

Charitable donations

5 (1) If--

(a) the company (not being the wholly-owned subsidiary of a company incorporated in Great Britain) has in the financial year given money for charitable purposes, and

(b) the money given exceeded £200 in amount,

the directors' report for the year shall contain, in the case of each of the purposes for which money has been given, a statement of the amount of money given for that purpose.

(2) If--

(a) at the end of the financial year the company has subsidiaries which have, in that year, given money for charitable purposes, and

(b) it is not itself the wholly-owned subsidiary of a company incorporated in Great Britain,

sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to the company; but, if the amount given in that year for charitable purposes by the company and the subsidiaries between them exceeds £200, the directors' report for the year shall contain, in the case of each of the purposes for which money has been given by the company and the subsidiaries between them, a statement of the amount of money given for that purpose.

(3) Money given for charitable purposes to a person who, when it was given, was ordinarily resident outside the United Kingdom is to be left out of account for the purposes of this paragraph.

(4) For the purposes of this paragraph "charitable purposes" means purposes which are exclusively charitable, and as respects Scotland "charitable" is to be construed as if it were contained in the Income Tax Acts. "

Part X Miscellaneous and general

Overseas electors

141 Reduction of qualifying period for overseas electors

In each of the following provisions of the Representation of the [1985 c. 50.] People Act 1985 (as amended by the Representation of the People Act 2000), namely--

(a) section 1(3) and (4) (conditions to be satisfied by British citizen in order to qualify as overseas elector in relation to parliamentary election), and

(b) section 3(3) and (4) (conditions to be satisfied by peer in order to qualify as overseas elector in relation to European Parliamentary election),

for "20 years" there shall be substituted "15 years".

Pre-consolidation amendments

142 Pre-consolidation amendments

(1) Schedule 1 to the [1978 c. 10.] European Parliamentary Elections Act 1978 (system of election etc.) shall be amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 5 (disqualification for office of Member of the European Parliament), in sub-paragraphs (4)(a) and (4A)(a), after "section 3" there shall be inserted "or 3A".

(3) In paragraph 6 (judicial proceedings as to disqualification under paragraph 5), in sub-paragraph (1)(b), after "section 3" there shall be inserted "or 3A".

Election material

143 Details to appear on election material

(1) No election material shall be published unless--

(a) in the case of material which is, or is contained in, such a printed document as is mentioned in subsection (3), (4) or (5), the requirements of that subsection are complied with; or

(b) in the case of any other material, any requirements falling to be complied with in relation to the material by virtue of regulations under subsection (6) are complied with.

(2) For the purposes of subsections (3) to (5) the following details are "the relevant details" in the case of any material falling within subsection (1)(a), namely--

(a) the name and address of the printer of the document;

(b) the name and address of the promoter of the material; and

(3) Where the material is a document consisting (or consisting principally) of a single side of printed matter, the relevant details must appear on the face of the document.

(4) Where the material is a printed document other than one to which subsection (3) applies, the relevant details must appear either on the first or the last page of the document.

(5) Where the material is an advertisement contained in a newspaper or periodical--

(a) the name and address of the printer of the newspaper or periodical must appear either on its first or last page; and

(b) the relevant details specified in subsection (2)(b) and (c) must be included in the advertisement.

(6) The Secretary of State may, after consulting the Commission, by regulations make provision for and in connection with the imposition of requirements as to the inclusion in material falling within subsection (1)(b) of the following details, namely--

(a) the name and address of the promoter of the material; and

(b) the name and address of any person on behalf of whom the material is being published (and who is not the promoter).

(7) Regulations under subsection (6) may in particular specify--

(a) the manner and form in which such details must be included in any such material for the purpose of complying with any such requirement;

(b) circumstances in which--

(i) any such requirement does not have to be complied with by a person of any description specified in the regulations, or

(ii) a breach of any such requirement by a person of any description so specified is not to result in the commission of an offence under this section by that person or by a person of any other such description;

(c) circumstances in which material is, or is not, to be taken for the purposes of the regulations to be published or (as the case may be) published by a person of any description so specified.

(8) Where any material falling within subsection (1)(a) is published in contravention of subsection (1), then (subject to subsection (10))--

(a) the promoter of the material,

(b) any other person by whom the material is so published, and

shall be guilty of an offence.

(9) Where any material falling within subsection (1)(b) is published in contravention of subsection (1), then (subject to regulations made by virtue of subsection (7)(b) and to subsection (10))--

(a) the promoter of the material, and

(b) any other person by whom the material is so published,

shall be guilty of an offence.

(10) It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under this section to prove--

(a) that the contravention of subsection (1) arose from circumstances beyond his control; and

(b) that he took all reasonable steps, and exercised all due diligence, to ensure that that contravention would not arise.

(11) In this section--

"election material" has the meaning given by section 85(3);
"print" means print by whatever means, and "printer" shall be construed accordingly;
"the promoter", in relation to any election material, means the person causing the material to be published;
"publish" means make available to the public at large, or any section of the public, in whatever form and by whatever means.

Broadcasting during election period

144 Broadcasting of local items during election period

For section 93 of the Representation of the [1983 c. 2.] People Act 1983 there shall be substituted--

" 93 Broadcasting of local items during election period

(1) Each broadcasting authority shall adopt a code of practice with respect to the participation of candidates at a parliamentary or local government election in items about the constituency or electoral area in question which are included in relevant services during the election period.

(2) The code for the time being adopted by a broadcasting authority under this section shall be either--

(a) a code drawn up by that authority, whether on their own or jointly with one or more other broadcasting authorities, or

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