Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1)

(The document as of February, 2008)

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(7) This section has effect subject to paragraphs 2 and 3 of Schedule 30.

39 Saving for pre-1963 leases, and special relief for individuals

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, sections 34 to 36 shall not apply in relation to a lease granted, or an estate or interest in land sold, before the beginning of the year 1963-64 or in pursuance of a contract entered into before 4th April 1963.

(2) Section 34(5) shall apply to the variation or waiver of any terms of a lease (not being a variation or waiver made in pursuance of a contract entered into before 4th April 1963) notwithstanding that the lease was granted before the beginning of the year 1963-64.

(3) Schedule 2 shall have effect for giving relief on a claim being made by him in that behalf from any increase in an individual's liability to income tax which is attributable to amounts being treated by virtue of section 34, 35 or 36 as receipts for a single year of assessment rather than as receipts for the period in relation to which they are chargeable.

Supplemental: Schedules A and D

40 Tax treatment of receipts and outgoings on sale of land

(1) Where--

(a) by virtue of a contract for the sale of an estate or interest in land there falls to be apportioned between the parties a receipt or outgoing in respect of the estate or interest which becomes due after the making of the contract but before the time to which the apportionment falls to be made, and

(b) a part of the receipt is therefore receivable by the vendor in trust for the purchaser or, as the case may be, a part of the outgoing is paid by the vendor as trustee for the purchaser,

the purchaser shall be treated for the purposes of tax under Schedule A as if that part had become receivable or payable on his behalf immediately after the time to which the apportionment falls to be made.

(2) Where by virtue of such a contract there falls to be apportioned between the parties a receipt or outgoing in respect of the estate or interest which became due before the making of the contract, the parties shall be treated for the purposes of tax under Schedule A as if the contract had been entered into before the receipt or outgoing became due, and subsection (1) above shall apply accordingly.

(3) Where on the sale of an estate or interest in land there is apportioned to the vendor a part of a receipt or outgoing in respect of the estate or interest which is to become receivable or be paid by the purchaser after the making of the apportionment, then for the purposes of tax under Schedule A--

(a) when the receipt becomes due or, as the case may be, the outgoing is paid, the amount of it shall be treated as reduced by so much thereof as was apportioned to the vendor, and

(b) the part apportioned to the vendor shall be treated as if it were of the same nature as the receipt or outgoing and had become receivable, or had been paid, directly by him immediately before the time to which the apportionment is made and, where it is part of an outgoing, had become due immediately before that time.

(4) Any reference in subsection (1) or (2) above to a party to a contract shall include a person to whom the rights and obligations of that party under the contract have passed by assignment or otherwise.

(5) This section shall apply as respects tax under Case VI of Schedule D in a case falling within paragraph 4 of Schedule A as it applies as respects tax under Schedule A in other cases.

41 Relief for rent etc. not paid

(1) Where on a claim in that behalf a person proves--

(a) that he has not received an amount which he was entitled to receive in respect of any rents or receipts on the profits or gains arising from which he would be chargeable under Schedule A; and

(b) if the non-receipt of that amount was attributable to the default of another person by whom it was payable, that the claimant has taken any reasonable steps available to him to enforce payment; or

(c) if the claimant waived payment of that amount, that the waiver was made without consideration, and was reasonably made in order to avoid hardship;

then subject to subsection (2) below, the claimant shall be treated for tax purposes for all relevant chargeable periods as if he had not been entitled to that amount, and such adjustments shall be made, by repayment or otherwise, as the case may require.

(2) If all or any part of that amount is subsequently received, the claimant or, if he is dead, his executors or administrators shall not later than six months thereafter give notice to the inspector, and such readjustment of liability to tax (for all relevant chargeable periods) shall be made as may be necessary, and may be made at any time at which it could be made if it related only to tax for the chargeable period in which the amount, or that part of the amount, is received.

(3) Subsection (1) above shall apply in relation to sums chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D by virtue of any provision of sections 34 to 36 as it applies to profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A.

42 Appeals against determinations under sections 34 to 36

(1) Where it appears to the inspector that the determination of any amount on which a person may be chargeable to tax by virtue of section 34, 35 or 36 may affect the liability to income tax, corporation tax or capital gains tax of other persons he may give notice to those persons as well as to the first-mentioned person of the determination he proposes to make and of the rights conferred on them by this section.

(2) Any person to whom such a notice is given may, within 30 days after the date on which it is given, object to the proposed determination by notice given to the inspector.

(3) Where notices have been given under subsection (1) above and no notice of objection is duly given under subsection (2) above the inspector shall make the determination as proposed in his notices and the determination shall not be called in question in any proceedings.

(4) Where a notice of objection is duly given the amount mentioned in subsection (1) above shall be determined in like manner as an appeal and shall be so determined by the Special Commissioners or such body of General Commissioners as may be agreed on by the person to be charged and all persons who have given notice of objection.

(5) All persons to whom notices have been given under subsection (1) above may take part in any proceedings under subsection (4) above and in any appeal arising out of those proceedings and shall be bound by the determination made in the proceedings or on appeal, whether or not they have taken part in the proceedings; and their successors in title shall also be so bound.

(6) A notice under subsection (1) above may, notwithstanding any obligation as to secrecy or other restriction on the disclosure of information, include a statement of the grounds on which the inspector proposes to make the determination.

(7) An inspector may by notice require any person to give within the time specified in the notice such information as appears to the inspector to be required for deciding whether to give a notice under subsection (1) above to any person.

43 Non-residents

(1) Section 78 of the Management Act (taxation of non-residents in name of agent) shall not apply to tax on profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A, or on any of the profits or gains chargeable under Case VI of Schedule D--

(a) in a case falling within paragraph 4 of Schedule A; or

(b) which arise under the terms of a lease, but to a person other than the landlord, or otherwise arise out of any disposition or contract such that if they arose to the person making it they would be chargeable under Schedule A,

where payment is made (whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere) directly to a person whose usual place of abode is outside the United Kingdom, but sections 349(1) and 350 shall apply in relation to the payment as they apply to annual payments charged with tax under Case III or IV of Schedule D and not payable out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax.

(2) Subsection (1) above shall apply in relation to sums chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D by virtue of any provision of sections 34 to 36 as it applies to profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A.

(3) Where by virtue of subsection (1) above the income tax chargeable for any year of assessment on a person's profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A or Case VI of Schedule D or both would, apart from this subsection, be greater than the tax which would be chargeable thereon apart from section 22(2) and (3), then, on a claim in that behalf being made, relief shall be given from the excess, whether by way of repayment or otherwise.

PART III PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE SCHEDULE C CHARGE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS ABOUT GOVERNMENT SECURITIES

General

44 Income tax: mode of charge

(1) Income tax under Schedule C shall be charged by the Board, and shall be paid on behalf of the persons entitled to the profits, dividends or proceeds which are the subject of the tax--

(a) in the case of tax charged under paragraph 1 of that Schedule, by the persons and bodies of persons respectively entrusted with payment;

(b) in the case of tax charged under paragraph 2 of that Schedule, by the Bank of England;

(c) in the case of tax charged under paragraph 3 or 4 of that Schedule, by the banker or other person, or by the banker or dealer in coupons, as the case may be.

(2) Schedule 3 shall have effect in relation to the assessment, charge and payment of income tax under Schedule C.

45 Interpretation of Part III

In this Part--

"banker" includes a person acting as a banker;
"coupons" and "coupons for any overseas public revenue dividends" include warrants for and bills of exchange purporting to be drawn or made in payment of any overseas public revenue dividends;
"dividends" means any interest, public annuities, dividends or shares of annuities;
"overseas public revenue dividends" means public revenue dividends payable elsewhere than in the United Kingdom (whether they are also payable in the United Kingdom or not) out of any public revenue other than public revenue of the United Kingdom;
"public revenue", except where the context otherwise requires, includes the public revenue of any government whatsoever, and the revenue of any public authority or institution in any country outside the United Kingdom; and
"public revenue dividends" means dividends payable out of any public revenue.

Government securities: exemptions from tax

46 Savings certificates and tax reserve certificates

(1) Subject to subsections (3) to (6) below, income arising from savings certificates shall not be liable to tax.

(2) Tax shall not be chargeable in respect of the interest on tax reserve certificates issued by the Treasury.

(3) Subsection (1) above does not apply to any savings certificates which are purchased by or on behalf of a person in excess of the amount which a person is for the time being authorised to purchase under regulations made by the Treasury or, as respects Ulster Savings Certificates, by the Department of Finance and Personnel.

(4) Subsection (1) above does not apply to Ulster Savings Certificates unless--

(a) the holder is resident and ordinarily resident in Northern Ireland when the certificates are repaid; or

(b) the certificates were purchased by him and he was so resident and ordinarily resident when they were purchased.

(5) A claim under this section in respect of Ulster Savings Certificates shall be made to the Board.

(6) In this section "savings certificates" means savings certificates issued under section 12 of the [1968 c. 13.] National Loans Act 1968 or section 7 of the [1958 c. 6.] National Debt Act 1958 or section 59 of the [1920 c. 18.] Finance Act 1920 and any war savings certificates as defined in section 9(3) of the [1972 c. 65.] National Debt Act 1972, together with any savings certificates issued under any corresponding enactment forming part of the law of Northern Ireland.

47 United Kingdom government securities held by non-residents

(1) The interest on securities which--

(a) the Treasury have power to issue for the purpose of raising any money or any loan with a condition that the interest thereon shall not be liable to income tax so long as it is shown that the securities are in the beneficial ownership of persons who are not ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, and

(b) have been issued with such a condition,

shall, subject to subsection (3) below, be exempt from tax accordingly.

(2) A claim under this section shall be made to the Board.

(3) Where any income of any person is, by virtue of any provision of the Tax Acts (and, in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the preceding words, by virtue of Chapter III of Part XVII) to be deemed to be income of any other person, that income is not exempt from tax as being derived from a security issued by the Treasury with any condition regulating the treatment of the interest thereon for tax purposes by reason of the first-mentioned person not being ordinarily resident, or being neither domiciled nor ordinarily resident, in the United Kingdom.

48 Securities of foreign states

(1) Subject to subsection (3) below, no tax shall be chargeable in respect of--

(a) dividends payable in the United Kingdom on the securities of any state or territory outside the United Kingdom, or

(b) any dividends or proceeds chargeable apart from this subsection under paragraph 3 or 4 of Schedule C,

if it is proved, on a claim in that behalf made to the Board, that the person owning the securities and entitled to the dividends or proceeds is not resident in the United Kingdom.

(2) Where--

(a) securities are held under a trust, and

(b) the person who is the beneficiary in possession is the sole beneficiary in possession and can, by means either of revocation of the trust or of the exercise of any powers under the trust, call upon the trustees at any time to transfer the securities to him absolutely free from any trust,

that person shall for the purposes of subsection (1) above be deemed to be the person owning the securities.

(3) Where any income of any person is, by virtue of any provision of the Tax Acts (and in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the preceding words, by virtue of Chapter III of Part XVII) to be deemed to be income of any other person, that income is not exempt from tax by virtue of this section by reason of the first-mentioned person not being resident in the United Kingdom.

(4) Paragraph 1 of Schedule C shall not apply, in the case of dividends payable out of any public revenue other than the public revenue of the United Kingdom, if the securities in respect of which the dividends are payable are held in a recognised clearing system.

49 Stock and dividends in name of Treasury etc

(1) No tax shall be chargeable in respect of the stock or dividends transferred to accounts in the books of the Bank of England in the name of the Treasury or the National Debt Commissioners in pursuance of any Act of Parliament, but the Bank of England shall transmit to the Board an account of the total amount thereof.

(2) No tax shall be chargeable in respect of the stock or dividends belonging to the Crown, in whatever name they may stand in the books of the Bank of England.

Government securities: interest payable without deduction of tax

50 United Kingdom securities: Treasury directions for payment without deduction of tax

(1) The Treasury may direct that any of the following securities, that is to say--

(a) any securities issued under the War Loan Acts 1914 to 1919 or under section 60 of the [1916 c. 89.] Finance Act 1916;

(b) any securities issued or deemed to be issued under the [1939 c. 117.] National Loans Act 1939 or issued under the [1968 c. 13.] National Loans Act 1968;

(c) any government stock issued under section 1 of the [1946 c. 46.] Bank of England Act 1946, section 1 of the [1946 c. 82.] Cable and Wireless Act 1946, section 65(1) of the [1947 c. 51.] Town and Country Planning Act 1947 or section 62(1) of the [1947 c. 53.] Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947; and

(d) any such stock as is mentioned in section 33(1) of the [1946 c. 59.] Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946 or section 26(1) of the [1967 c. 17.] Iron and Steel Act 1967;

shall be issued, or shall be deemed to have been issued, subject to the condition that the interest thereon shall be paid without deduction of income tax; and subject to the provisions of this section the interest shall be so paid accordingly, but shall be chargeable under Case III of Schedule D.

(2) The holder of any registered securities the interest on which is by virtue of directions given under subsection (1) above payable without deduction of tax may make an application to the Bank under this subsection requesting that income tax shall be deducted from the interest on those securities before payment thereof.

(3) Where any such application is made, income tax in respect of the interest on those securities shall, so long as they remain registered in the name of the applicant and subject to the withdrawal of the application under subsection (5) below, be deducted and charged in the same manner as if they were not securities to which subsection (1) above applied.

(4) An application under subsection (2) above shall be made in such form as the Bank with the approval of the Treasury may prescribe, and any application made less than two months before the date on which a payment of interest falls due shall only have effect as regards any payment of interest subsequent to that payment.

(5) An application made under subsection (2) above may at any time be withdrawn by notice to the Bank in such form as the Bank may with the approval of the Treasury prescribe, but an application so withdrawn shall, notwithstanding the withdrawal, continue to have effect as regards any interest payable less than two months after the date the notice is received at the Bank.

(6) Where any securities to which subsection (2) above applies are held on trust, the holders of the securities may make an application under that subsection in respect thereof without the consent of any other person, notwithstanding anything in the instrument creating the trust.

(7) In this section--

"the Bank" means the Bank of England or the Bank of Ireland as the case requires, and
"registered" means entered in the register of the Bank.

51 Treasury directions as respects Northern Ireland securities

(1) The Treasury may, on the application of the Department of Finance and Personnel, as respects any securities to which this section applies, direct that the securities specified in the direction shall be issued, or shall be deemed to have been issued, subject to the condition that the interest thereon shall be paid without deduction of income tax; and in relation to any securities so specified and the interest thereon, section 50 shall have effect as if--

(a) the securities were securities in respect of which a direction had been given by the Treasury under subsection (1) of that section;

(b) references in that section to "the Bank" were (notwithstanding subsection (7) of that section) references to the bank in the books of which the securities are registered or inscribed; and

(c) the references in subsections (4) and (5) of that section to the Treasury were references to the Department of Finance and Personnel.

(2) The securities to which this section applies are securities issued under section 11(1)(c) of the [1950 c. 3 (N.I.)] Exchequer and Financial Provisions Act (Northern Ireland) 1950 for money borrowed by the Department of Finance and Personnel for the purposes of making issues from the Consolidated Fund of Northern Ireland.

52 Taxation of interest on converted government securities and interest which becomes subject to deduction

(1) Where the income which any individual is required under the Income Tax Acts to include in a statement of his total income for any year includes both--

(a) interest received without deduction of income tax in respect of government securities ("the original securities") which have been exchanged for any other government securities ("substituted securities"), and

(b) interest taxed by deduction in respect of such substituted securities,

and the amount of the interest so included exceeds the full amount of the interest for a complete year on the original securities, then, if that individual so requires--

(i) the excess shall not be taken into account in ascertaining his total income for that year for the purposes of income tax, but

(ii) the excess shall nevertheless be chargeable to income tax for that year at such rate or rates, and subject to such reliefs, if any, as would be applicable if it constituted the highest part of an income equal, subject to section 833(3), to the amount of his total income exclusive of the excess.

(2) Where an application is made under section 50(2) with respect to any securities, subsection (1) above shall have effect as if--

(a) during the period in which the interest on those securities was paid without deduction of income tax, those securities were original securities, and

(b) during any later period, they were substituted securities.

PART IV PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE SCHEDULE D CHARGE

CHAPTER I SUPPLEMENTARY CHARGING PROVISIONS

53 Farming and other commercial occupation of land (except woodlands)

(1) All farming and market gardening in the United Kingdom shall be treated as the carrying on of a trade or, as the case may be, of a part of a trade, and the profits and gains thereof shall be charged to tax under Case I of Schedule D accordingly.

(2) All the farming carried on by any particular person or partnership or body of persons shall be treated as one trade.

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, the occupation of land in the United Kingdom for any purpose other than farming or market gardening shall, if the land is managed on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits, be treated as the carrying on of a trade or, as the case may be, of a part of a trade, and the profits or gains thereof shall be charged to tax under Case I of Schedule D accordingly.

(4) Subsection (3) above shall not affect the taxation of woodlands which are managed on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits.

54 Woodlands managed on a commercial basis

(1) Any person occupying woodlands which are managed by him on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits may elect to be assessed and charged to tax in respect of those woodlands under Schedule D instead of under Schedule B.

(2) The election of any such person shall be signified by notice to the inspector not later than two years after the end of the chargeable period; and from and after the receipt of the notice--

(a) the charge upon him for that period shall be under Schedule D; and

(b) the profits or gains arising to him from the occupation of the woodlands shall for all purposes be deemed to be profits or gains of a trade chargeable under that Schedule.

(3) Any such election shall extend to all woodlands so managed on the same estate; and, for the purposes of this subsection, woodlands shall be treated as being on a separate estate if the person occupying them gives notice to the inspector within ten years after the time when they are planted or replanted.

(4) An election under this section shall have effect not only as respects the chargeable period, but also as respects all future chargeable periods so long as the woodlands are occupied by the person making the election.

55 Mines, quarries and other concerns

(1) Profits or gains arising out of land in the case of any concern specified in subsection (2) below shall be charged to tax under Case I of Schedule D.

(2) The concerns are--

(a) mines and quarries (including gravel pits, sand pits and brickfields);

(b) ironworks, gasworks, salt springs or works, alum mines or works (not being mines falling within the preceding paragraph) and waterworks and streams of water;

(d) fishings;

(e) rights of markets and fairs, tolls, bridges and ferries;

(f) railways and other ways;

(g) other concerns of the like nature as any of the concerns specified in paragraphs (b) to (e) above.

56 Transactions in deposits with and without certificates or in debts

(1) Subsection (2) below applies to the following rights--

(a) the right to receive the amount, with or without interest, stated in a certificate of deposit;

(b) the right to receive an amount payable with interest--

(i) in a transaction in which no certificate of deposit or security is issued, and

(ii) which is payable by a bank or similar institution or a person regularly engaging in similar transactions;

and the right to receive that interest.

(2) Profits or gains arising to a person from the disposal of a right to which this subsection applies or, except so far as it is a right to receive interest, from the exercise of any such right (whether by the person to whom the certificate was issued or by some other person, or, as the case may be, by the person who acquired the right in the transaction referred to in subsection (1) above or by some person acquiring it directly or indirectly from that person), shall, if not falling to be taken into account as a trading receipt, be treated as annual profits or gains chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D.

(3) Subsection (2) above does not apply in the case of the disposal or exercise of a right to receive an amount stated in a certificate of deposit or interest on such an amount--

(a) if the person disposing of the right acquired it before 7th March 1973;

(b) to any profits or gains arising to a fund or scheme in the case of which provision is made by section 592(2), 613, 614(1) to (3) or 620(6) for exempting the whole or part of its income from income tax;

(c) in so far as they are applied to charitable purposes only, to any profits or gains arising to a charity within the meaning of section 506.

(4) For the purposes of this section, profits or gains shall not be treated as falling to be taken into account as a trading receipt by reason only that they are included in the computation required by section 76(2).

(5) In this section--

"certificate of deposit" means a document relating to money, in any currency, which has been deposited with the issuer or some other person, being a document which recognises an obligation to pay a stated amount to bearer or to order, with or without interest, and being a document by the delivery of which, with or without endorsement, the right to receive that stated amount, with or without interest, is transferable; and
"security" has the same meaning as in section 82 of the 1979 Act.

57 Deep discount securities

Schedule 4 shall have effect with respect to the treatment for the purposes of income tax and corporation tax of deep discount securities (within the meaning of that Schedule).

58 Foreign pensions

(1) A pension which--

(a) is paid by or on behalf of a person outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) is not charged under paragraph 4 of Schedule E,

shall be charged to tax under Case V of Schedule D.

(2) Where--

(a) a person has ceased to hold any office or employment, and

(b) a pension or annual payment is paid to him, or to his widow or child or to any relative or dependant of his, by the person under whom he held the office or by whom he was employed, or by the successors of that person, and

then, notwithstanding that the pension or payment is paid voluntarily, or is capable of being discontinued, it shall be deemed to be income for the purposes of assessment to tax and shall be assessed and charged to tax under Case V of Schedule D as income from a pension.

59 Persons chargeable

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) below, income tax under Schedule D shall be charged on and paid by the persons receiving or entitled to the income in respect of which the tax is directed by the Income Tax Acts to be charged.

(2) Income tax to be charged under Schedule D in respect of any of the concerns mentioned in section 55 shall be assessed and charged on the person carrying on the concern, or on the agents or other officers who have the direction or management of the concern or receive the profits thereof.

(3) Where, in accordance with that section, income tax is charged under Schedule D on the profits of markets or fairs, or on tolls, fisheries or any other annual or casual profits not distrainable, the owner or occupier or receiver of the profits thereof shall be answerable for the tax so charged, and may retain and deduct the same out of any such profits.

(4) Subsections (1) to (3) above shall not apply for the purposes of corporation tax.

CHAPTER II INCOME TAX: BASIS OF ASSESSMENT ETC.

Cases I and II

60 Assessment on preceding year basis

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section and sections 61 to 63, income tax shall be charged under Cases I and II of Schedule D on the full amount of the profits or gains of the year preceding the year of assessment.

(2) Subsection (3) or (4) below shall apply where, in the case of a trade, profession or vocation, an account has, or accounts have, been made up to a date or dates within the period of three years immediately preceding the year of assessment.

(3) If--

(a) an account was made up to a date within the year preceding the year of assessment, and

(b) that account was the only account made up to a date in that year, and

(i) at the commencement of the trade, profession or vocation, or

(ii) at the end of the period on the profits or gains of which the assessment for the last preceding year of assessment was to be computed,

the profits or gains of the year ending on that date shall be taken to be the profits or gains of the year preceding the year of assessment.

(4) If subsection (3) does not apply, the Board shall decide what period of 12 months ending on a date within the year preceding the year of assessment shall be deemed to be the year the profits or gains of which are to be taken to be the profits or gains of the year preceding the year of assessment.

(5) Where--

(a) the Board have given a decision under subsection (4) above, and

(b) it appears to them that, in consequence of that decision, income tax for the last preceding year of assessment in respect of the profits or gains from the same source should be computed on the profits or gains of a corresponding period,

they may give a direction to that effect, and an assessment or, on a claim therefor, repayment of tax shall be made accordingly.

(6) The decision whether or not to give a direction under subsection (5) above shall be subject to an appeal which shall lie to the General Commissioners unless the appellant elects (in accordance with section 46(1) of the Management Act) to bring it before the Special Commissioners, and the Commissioners hearing the appeal shall grant such relief, if any, as is just.

(7) An appeal under subsection (6) above shall be brought within 30 days of receipt of notice of the decision, save that, if the decision is to give a direction and an assessment is made in accordance with the direction, the appeal against the decision shall be by way of an appeal against the assessment.

(8) In the case of the death of a person who, if he had not died, would under subsections (2) to (5) above have become chargeable to income tax for any year, the tax which would have been so chargeable shall be assessed and charged on his executors or administrators, and shall be a debt due from and payable out of his estate.

61 Special basis at commencement of trade, profession or vocation

(1) Subject to subsection (4) below, where the trade, profession or vocation has been set up and commenced within the year of assessment, the computation of the profits or gains chargeable to income tax under Case I or Case II of Schedule D shall be made either on the full amount of the profits or gains arising in the year of assessment or according to the average of such period, not being greater than one year, as the case may require and as may be directed by the inspector.

(2) On an appeal to the General or Special Commissioners, the Commissioners shall have jurisdiction to review the inspector's decision under subsection (1) above.

(3) Where the trade, profession or vocation has been set up and commenced within the year preceding the year of assessment, the computation of the profits or gains chargeable to income tax under Case I or Case II of Schedule D shall be made on the profits or gains for one year from its first being set up.

(4) Subsections (1) to (3) above shall not apply in any case where section 113(1) and (2) apply but no election is made under section 113(2), but in such a case the computation of the profits or gains chargeable to income tax under Case I or II of Schedule D for the year of assessment in which the new trade, profession or vocation is treated as having been set up and commenced, and for each of the three years following that year of assessment, shall be made on the full amount of the profits or gains arising in the year of assessment in question.

62 Special basis for early years following commencement

(1) In this section --

"charged" means charged to income tax in respect of the profits or gains of a trade, profession or vocation;
"the second year of assessment" and "the third year of assessment" mean respectively the year next after, and the year next but one after, the year of assessment in which the trade, profession or vocation in question was set up and commenced; and
"the fifth year of assessment" and "the sixth year of assessment" mean respectively the year next but three after, and the year next but four after, the year of assessment in which the trade, profession or vocation in question was set up and commenced.

(2) Subject to subsection (4) below, the person charged, or liable to be charged, shall be entitled, on giving notice to the inspector within seven years after the end of the second year of assessment, to require that tax shall be charged for both the second year of assessment and the third year of assessment (but not for one or other only of those years) on the amount of the profits or gains for each such year respectively.

(3) A notice under subsection (2) above may be revoked by the person who gave it by notice given to the inspector within six years after the end of the third year of assessment and, where it is so revoked, tax shall be charged for both the second year of assessment and the third year of assessment as if the first notice had never been given.

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) above shall not apply in any case where--

(a) section 113(1) and (2) apply and the change in the persons engaged in carrying on the trade, profession or vocation in partnership occurs after 19th March 1985; but

(b) no election is made under section 113(2);

but in such a case the person charged, or liable to be charged, shall be entitled, on giving notice to the inspector within seven years after the end of the fifth year of assessment, to require that tax shall be charged for both the fifth year of assessment and the sixth year of assessment (but not for one or other only of those years) on the amount of the profits or gains for each such year respectively.

(5) A notice under subsection (4) above may be revoked by the person who gave it by notice given to the inspector within six years after the end of the sixth year of assessment and, where it is so revoked, tax shall be charged for both the fifth year of assessment and the sixth year of assessment as if the first notice had never been given.

(6) If at any time during the second or third year of assessment--

(a) a change occurs, by reason of retirement or death, in a partnership of persons engaged in the trade, profession or vocation, or the dissolution of the partnership as to one or more of the partners, or the admission of a new partner, in such circumstances that one or more of the persons who until that time were engaged in the trade, profession or vocation continue to be engaged in it; or

(b) a change occurs such that a person who until that time was engaged in the trade, profession or vocation on his own account continues to be engaged in it but as a partner in a partnership;

a notice given for the purposes of subsection (2) above must, if given after the occurrence of the change and after notice has been given as respects the change under section 113(2), comply with the requirements of subsection (7) or (8) below, as the case may require.

(7) A notice given within 12 months after the end of the second year of assessment must be signed by--

(a) each of the individuals who were engaged in the trade, profession or vocation at any time between the commencement of that year and the giving of the notice; or

(b) in the case of a deceased person, his personal representatives.

(8) A notice given after the end of the third year of assessment must be signed by--

(a) each of the individuals who were engaged in the trade, profession or vocation at any time during the second or third year of assessment; or

(b) in the case of a deceased person, his personal representatives.

(9) In the case of the death of a person who, if he had not died, would under the provisions of this section have become chargeable to income tax for any year, the tax which would have been so chargeable shall be assessed and charged on his personal representatives, and shall be a debt due from and payable out of his estate.

(10) There shall be made such assessments, reductions of assessments or, on a claim in that behalf, repayments of tax as may in any case be required in order to give effect to the preceding provisions of this section.

63 Special basis on discontinuance

(1) Where in any year of assessment a trade, profession or vocation is permanently discontinued, then notwithstanding anything in sections 60 to 62--

(a) the person charged or chargeable with income tax in respect thereof shall be charged for that year on the amount of the profits or gains of the period beginning on the 6th April in that year and ending on the date of the discontinuance, but subject to any deduction or set-off to which he may be entitled under section 385 in respect of any loss; and

(b) if the aggregate of the profits or gains (if any) of the years ending on the 5th April in each of the two years preceding the year of assessment in which the discontinuance occurs exceeds--

(i) the aggregate of the amounts on which that person has been charged for each of those two years; or

(ii) the aggregate of the amounts on which he would have been so charged if no deduction or set-off under section 385 had been allowed;

he may be charged instead, for each of those two years, but subject to any such deduction or set-off, on the amount of the profits or gains of the year ending on the 5th April in that year.

(2) Where a person has been charged with income tax otherwise than in accordance with subsection (1) above, any such assessment to tax, reduction or discharge of an assessment to tax, or on a claim therefor, repayment of tax shall be made as may be necessary to give effect to that subsection.

(3) In the case of the death of a person who, if he had not died, would under the provisions of this section have become chargeable to income tax for any year, the tax which would have been so chargeable shall be assessed and charged on his executors or administrators, and shall be a debt due from and payable out of his estate.

(4) Subsection (1)(b) above shall not apply where a trade is permanently discontinued in consequence of the nationalisation of any property constituting the assets of the trade.

For the purposes of this subsection "nationalisation" means, in relation to any property, a transfer of the property for which provision is made by any Act passed after the beginning of August 1945 and embodying a scheme for the carrying on of any industry or part of an industry, or of any undertaking, under national ownership or control, being a transfer, as part of the initial putting into force of the scheme, either to the Crown or to a body corporate constituted for the purposes of the scheme or of some previous scheme for such national ownership or control.

Cases III, IV and V

64 Case III assessments: general

Subject to sections 66 and 67, income tax under Case III of Schedule D shall be computed on the full amount of the income arising within the year preceding the year of assessment, and shall be paid on the actual amount of that income, without any deduction.

65 Cases IV and V assessments: general

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section and sections 66 and 67, income tax chargeable under Case IV or Case V of Schedule D shall be computed on the full amount of the income arising in the year preceding the year of assessment, whether the income has been or will be received in the United Kingdom or not, subject in the case of income not received in the United Kingdom--

(a) to the same deductions and allowances as if it had been so received, and

(b) to a deduction on account of any annuity or other annual payment (not being interest) payable out of the income to a person not resident in the United Kingdom.

(2) Subject to section 330, income tax chargeable under Case IV or V of Schedule D on income arising from any pension shall be computed on the amount of that income subject to a deduction of one-tenth of the amount of the income.

(3) Income tax chargeable under Case IV or V of Schedule D on income which is immediately derived by a person from the carrying on by him of any trade, profession or vocation either solely or in partnership shall be computed in accordance with the rules applicable to Cases I and II of Schedule D; and subsection (1)(a) above shall not apply.

Nothing in this subsection shall be taken to apply sections 60 to 63 or 113 in relation to income chargeable under Case V of Schedule D but computed in accordance with this subsection.

(4) Subsections (1), (2) and (3) above shall not apply to any person who, on a claim made to the Board, satisfies the Board that he is not domiciled in the United Kingdom, or that, being a Commonwealth citizen or a citizen of the Republic of Ireland, he is not ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom.

(5) Where subsection (4) above applies the tax shall, subject to sections 66 and 67, be computed--

(a) in the case of tax chargeable under Case IV, on the full amount, so far as the same can be computed, of the sums received in the United Kingdom in the year preceding the year of assessment, without any deduction or abatement; and

(b) in the case of tax chargeable under Case V, on the full amount of the actual sums received in the United Kingdom in the year preceding the year of assessment from remittances payable in the United Kingdom, or from property imported, or from money or value arising from property not imported, or from money or value so received on credit or on account in respect of any such remittances, property, money or value brought or to be brought into the United Kingdom, without any deduction or abatement other than is allowed under the provisions of the Income Tax Acts in respect of profits or gains charged under Case I of Schedule D.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above, any income arising from securities or possessions out of the United Kingdom which is applied outside the United Kingdom by a person ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom in or towards satisfaction of--

(a) any debt for money lent to him in the United Kingdom or for interest on money so lent, or

(b) any debt for money lent to him outside the United Kingdom and received in or brought to the United Kingdom, or

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